Small Town Ghettos, 1939-1945 | Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust

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Collection Overview

Title: Small Town Ghettos, 1939-1945

Predominant Dates:1941 -- 1944

ID: RG-38/RG-38

Primary Creator: German ghetto authorities (1939 -- 1945)

Other Creators: Gentile witnesses to anti-Jewish atrocities and anihilation perpetrated by the Nazi-German agencies (1939 -- 1945), Jewish Council (Judenrat) of the Cracow Ghetto (1940 --1941)

Extent: 0.0

Arrangement: Materials are arranged by subject/creator, then by identifier, as assigned by the processor.

Subjects: Bialystok (Poland: Ghetto), Mukacevo (Czechoslovakia: Ghetto), postwar correspondence, wartime correspondences, Wloclawek (Poland: Ghetto)

Languages: Polish, Russian

Abstract

This Record Group contains collections related to the history of small Jewish ghettos in Poland and the western part of the USSR. These three collections comprise photo-documets and correspondences illustrating the tragic fate of the local Jewish population in the German-organized and supervised ghettos.

Scope and Contents of the Materials

There are three collections, namely Mukacevo Ghetto; Wloclawek Ghetto; Bialystok Ghetto and Cherna Kapulkina Papers. The documents largely reflect the ghetto mundane life, the anti-Jewish actions and liquidations of the ghettos. These documents are in the form of photographs and correspondences

Collection Historical Note

Ghettoization became a common process of concetration of the Jewish population in the German-occupied Eastern territories. German authorities percieved ghettoization as the means of gaining control over the Jewish population until the further decision with regard to the fate of Jews would be taken by the central Nazi authorities.

RG-38.01, Mukacevo Ghetto

RG-38.01.01, Ghetto Scenes, five original photographs, date taken 4 April 1944. The photographs depict a watchtower; two of a sign announcing the border of a ghetto in German and Polish; a street scene; and women picking up something near a building

RG-38.01.02, Ghetto Scenes, five original photographs. The pictures are the same as RG-38.01.01; however, all the pictures are in black and white, the file is in landscape and it has a caption

RG-38.02, Włoclawek Ghetto

RG-38.02.01, 10 photographs, Wloclawek, Poland, 1942. Jews forced into a ghetto, street scenes

RG-38.02.02, 4 photographs, Evacuation of ghetto in Wloclawek to Chelmno

RG-38.02.03, 4 photographs of Wloclawek, Poland. Jews are being forced into or evacuated from the ghetto. Street scenes in 1942. Same four photographs as RG-38.02.02; however, they are landscape, all in black and white and cropped, without writing on them

RG-38.03, Białystok Ghetto

RG-38.03.01, Bialystok Ghetto, photograph of ruins

RG-38.03.02, Bialystok Ghetto, a man leaning on a memorial in memory of the 60,000 Jewish brothers of Bialystok

RG-38.03.03, Bialystok Ghetto, photocopy of San Gabriel Tribune article “Survivors Refuse to Forget”

RG-38.04, Cherna Kapulkina Papers, Polotsk, Belorussia, USSR

nvelope. An envelope that contained a letter on a folded page. Language: Russian

RG-38.04.02, Letter on plain paper. This is presumably the letter that was contained in the envelope in RG-38.04.01. The letter is four pages long. Language: Russian

RG-38.04.03, Letter folded into a triangle. A letter folded into a triangle and addressed. Language: Russian

RG-38.04.04, Photograph, Minkovich Kapulkin Pesya, 1915-1941

RG-38.04.05, Photograph, Chaya Kapulkin, 1886-1941

RG-38.04.06, Cherna Kapulkina Papers, Photograph, Mendel Kapulkin, 1924-1941

Biographical Note

German local authorities, including police and security forces and other relted Nazi agencies, which supervised the Jewish ghettos.

They eventually were responsible for the implementation of the "Final Solution."

Subject/Index Terms

Bialystok (Poland: Ghetto)
Mukacevo (Czechoslovakia: Ghetto)
postwar correspondence
wartime correspondences
Wloclawek (Poland: Ghetto)

Administrative Information

Repository: Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust

Access Restrictions:

No restrictions

Copyrighted materials, credits to and references to the Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust are required

Digital copies might be available upon request

Use Restrictions: Copyrighted materials

Box and Folder Listing

Browse by Sub-Collection:

[Sub-Collection 1: Mukacevo Ghetto, 1944, April -- May],
[Sub-Collection 2: Wloclawek Ghetto, 1942],
[Sub-Collection 3: Bialystok Ghetto],
[Sub-Collection 4: Cherna Kapulkina Papers],
[All]

Sub-Collection 1: Mukacevo Ghetto, 1944, April -- May

After the Germans occupied Hungary in March 1944, the Jews of Mukacevo, as well as from the other towns of Subcarpathian Ruthenia (the fomer Czechoslovakian province annexed by Hungary in March 1939) were concentrated in the improvised ghettos and a Juedenrat (a Jewish Council) was appointed. In the second half of May 1944, several transport with the Jews from Mukacevo were deported to Auschwitz.. In the end of May 1944, the ghetto was liquidated.

Subject/Index Terms:: Mukacevo (Czechoslovakia: Ghetto); Streets of the Mukacevo ghetto

Creators:: Jewish ghetto administration, Mukacevo, 1944 (1944)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 1: Mukacevo Ghetto, five original photographs, date taken 4 April 1944, 4 April 1944

Ghetto scenes, five original photographs, dated 4 April 1944. The photographs depict a watchtower; two of a sign announcing the border of a ghetto in German and Polish; a street scene; and woman picking up something near a building.

Subject/Index Terms:: Mukacevo (Czechoslovakia: Ghetto); Streets of the Mukacevo ghetto; Photographs, ghettos; Germany (1939--1945); Poland (1939--1945); German, language; Polish, language; Jewish Star of David, ghettos

Creators:: Jewish ghetto administration, Mukacevo, 1944 (1944)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 2: Mukacevo Ghetto, April 1944, original photographs, 4 April 1944

Ghetto scenes, five original photographs. The pictures are the same as RG-38.01.01; however, all the pictures are in black and white, the file is in landscape, and it has a caption.

Subject/Index Terms:: Streets of the Mukacevo ghetto; Mukacevo (Czechoslovakia: Ghetto); Photographs, ghettos; Germany (1939--1945); Poland (1939 --1945); German, language; Polish, language; Jewish Star of David, ghettos

Creators:: Jewish ghetto administration, Mukacevo, 1944 (1944)

Sub-Collection 2: Wloclawek Ghetto, 1942

This collection contains photo-documents of the Wloclawek Ghetto in Poland. It depicts Jews forced into the ghetto, as well as the evacuation of the ghetto. There are also street scenes. All photographs are in black and white.

Subject/Index Terms:: Wloclawek (Poland: Ghetto); Streets of the Wloclawek Ghetto

Creators:: Jewish Ghetto Administration, Wloclawek

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 1: 10 photographs, Wloclawek, Poland, 1942, 1942

This document contains ten photographs of hte Wloclawek Ghetto in Wloclawek, Poland 1942. The photographs depict Jews forced into the ghetto as wel as some street scenes.

Subject/Index Terms:: Streets of the Wloclawek Ghetto; Wloclawek (Poland: Ghetto); Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, children; Photographs, transit camps

Creators:: Jewish Ghetto Administration, Wloclawek

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 2: 4 photographs, Evacuation of ghetto in Wloclawek to Chelmno

This document contains four photographs depicting the evacuation of the Wloclawek Ghetto to Chelmno.

Subject/Index Terms:: Streets of the Wloclawek Ghetto; Wloclawek (Poland: Ghetto); Photographs, ghettos; Liquidation of ghettos; Chelmno Death Camp; Photographs, children

Creators:: Jewish Ghetto Administration, Wloclawek

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 3: 4 photographs of Wloclawek, Poland. Jews are being forced into or evacuated from the ghetto, 1942

This document contain four photographs of the Wloclawek Ghetto in Wloclawek, Poland. The photographs depict Jews that are being fored into or to evacuate from the ghetto. The street scenes are from 1942. The photographs are the same as the photographs in RG-38.02.02; however, they are landscape, all in black and white and cropped, without writing on them.

Subject/Index Terms:: Streets of the Wloclawek Ghetto; Wloclawek (Poland: Ghetto); Photographs, ghettos; Liquidation of ghettos; Chelmno Death Camp; Photographs, children

Creators:: Jewish Ghetto Administration, Wloclawek

Sub-Collection 3: Bialystok Ghetto

This collection contains photographs of the Bialystok Ghetto in Poland. The collection also contains a photocopied article entitled Survivors Refuse to Forget written for the San Gabriel Tribune.

The Bialystok Ghetto was established by the Nazis in German occupied Poland. Jews that lived in the ghetto were put to work in forced-labor enterprises, primarily in large textile factories established within the ghetto. The ghetto was liquidated in 1943 and most Jews were either killed within the ghetto or transported to the Treblinka concentration camp.

Subject/Index Terms:: Bialystok (Poland: Ghetto); Streets of the Bialystok Ghetto

Creators:: Jewish administration of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945); Jewish Ghetto Administration, Bialystok

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 1: Bialystok Ghetto, photograph of ruins

A photograph of the ruins of the Bialystok Ghetto in Bialystok, Poland.

Subject/Index Terms:: Bialystok (Poland: Ghetto); Streets of the Bialystok Ghetto; Ruins of the Bialystok Ghetto; Photographs, cities; Photographs, postwar, 1945 -- 1988

Creators:: Jewish Ghetto Administration, Bialystok

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 2: Bialystok Ghetto, a man leaning on a memorial

A photograph of an unidentified man leaning against a memorial at the Bialystok Ghetto in Bialystok, Poland.

Subject/Index Terms:: Bialystok (Poland: Ghetto); Bialystok Ghetto Memorial; Streets of the Bialystok Ghetto; Photographs, postwar, 1945 -- 1988; Holocaust Memorialization; Hebrew, language; Jewish Star of David, ghettos

Creators:: Jewish Ghetto Administration, Bialystok

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 3: San Gabriel Tribune article “Survivors Refuse to Forget”

A photocopy of an article entitled Survivors Refuse to Forget; Holocaust Reunion Rekindles Nightmares written for the San Gabriel Tribune by David Haldane.

Subject/Index Terms:: Bialystok (Poland: Ghetto); Newspaper Article; San Gabriel Tribune newspaper article; Newspaper headlines; English, language; Photographs, postwar, 1945 -- 1988; Personal memoirs and recollections; Documents in English language

Creators:: San Gabriel Tribune, California; David Haldane

Sub-Collection 4: Cherna Kapulkina Papers

This collection includes various letters and photographs belonging to Cherna Kapulkina. All letters and envelopes are written i Russian.

Subject/Index Terms:: Photographs, family members; Personal correspondence; Belorussia, USSR

Creators:: Cherna Kapulkina

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 1: Cherna Kapulkina Papers, Letter envelope

A letter envelope. This envelope contained a letter on a folded page. The text is in Russian.

Subject/Index Terms:: Personal correspondence; family papers; Postal Stamp; Russian, language; Documents in Russian language

Creators:: Cherna Kapulkina

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 2: Cherna Kapulkina Papers, Letter on plain paper

A letter written on plain paper. The letter is handwritten in Russian. It is believed that this was the letter inside of the envelope in collection RG-38.04.01.

Subject/Index Terms:: Personal correspondence; family papers; Russian, language; Correspondence in Russian language; Documents in Russian language

Creators:: Cherna Kapulkina

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 3: Cherna Kapulkina Papers, Letter folded into a triangle

A letter that has been folded into a triangle. It has been addressed in Russian.

Subject/Index Terms:: Personal correspondence; family papers; Russian, language; Correspondence in Russian language; Documents in Russian language

Creators:: Cherna Kapulkina

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 4: Cherna Kapulkina Papers, Photograph, Minkovich Kapulkin Pesya, 1915-1941

A photograph of Minkovich Kapulkin Pesya, who lived from 1915--1941.

Subject/Index Terms:: family photographs; Personal Documents; Photographs, family members; Minkovich Kapulkin Pesya

Creators:: Cherna Kapulkina

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 5: Cherna Kapulkina Papers, Photograph, Chaya Kapulkin, 1886-1941

A photograph of Chaya Kapulkin, who lived from 1886--1941.

Subject/Index Terms:: family photographs; Personal belongings; Chaya Kapulkin, 1886--1941; Photographs, family members

Creators:: Cherna Kapulkina

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 6: Cherna Kapulkina Papers, Photograph, Mendel Kapulkin, 1924-1941

A photograph of Mendel Kapulkin, who lived between 1924--1941.

Subject/Index Terms:: family photographs; Personal belongings; Photographs, family members; Mendel Kapulkin, 1924--1941

Creators:: Cherna Kapulkina