Atrocities and Perpetration, Collection of Photodocuments, 1900-1948 | Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust

The arrangement scheme for the record group was imposed during processing in the absence of an original order. Materials are arranged by subject/creator, then by identifier, as assigned by the processor.

Record group is comprised of fifty-six collections: 1. Slovakian Jewry photographs; 2. Jerzy Tomaszewski collection; 3. France in wartime photographs; 4. Greece in wartime photographs; 5. Denmark in wartime photographs; 6. Czechoslovakia in wartime photographs; 7. Liberation of Dachau photographs; 8. Gross-Rosen transport lists; 9. Bialystok ghetto photographs; 10. Sachsenhausen photographs; 11. Bergen-Belson photographs; 12. The Netherlands in wartime photographs; 13. Atrocities and mass killings photographs; 14. Hungarian Jewry photographs; 15. Minsk ghetto photographs; 16. Anti-Jewish measures and violation of Jewish property photographs; 17. Jewish police photographs; 18. Norway in wartime photographs; 19. Collection of Lwów ghetto materials; 20. Camps before the liberation photographs; 21. Photographs of humiliation and mockery by Germans; 22. Cracow ghetto photographs and newspapers; 23. Invasion of Poland photographs; 24. Riga ghetto photographs; 25. Sobibor photographs; 26. Western Europe  in wartime photographs; 27. Deportation and transport photographs; 28. Theresienstadt photographs; 29. Mauthausen concentration camp and the aftermath of liberation photographs; 30. Bulgaria in wartime photographs; 31. Yugoslavia in wartime photographs; 32. Treblinka photographs; 33. Babi Yar photographs; 34. Breendonk internment camp photographs; 35. Collection of Ukraine in wartime materials; 36. Vilna ghetto photographs; 37. Nordhausen photographs; 38. Collection on Munich agreement; 39. Collection on Varian Fry; 40. Collection on forced posing in the Warsaw ghetto; 41. Belzec death camp photographs; 42. Drancy transit camp photographs; 43. Drohobycz photographs; 44. Einsatzgruppen photographs; 45. Collection on false identity; 46. Collection on Galicia in wartime; 47. Collection on the invasion of the Soviet Union; 48. Janowska camp photographs; 49. Jasenovac concentration camp photographs; 49. Collectoin on the Jewish resistance; 50. Kindertransport photographs; 51. Kovno ghetto photographs; 52. Le Chambon sur Lignon photographs; 53. Lublin ghetto photographs and map; 54. Maly Trostenets photographs; 55. Medical experiments photographs; 56. Rescue and aid photographs.

This record group includes multiple collections of photo-documents reflecting the Nazi implementation of the Final Solution. The photographs depict anti-Jewish atrocities, mass killings, massacres, pogroms, and various ghetto and camp scenes. A number of photo-documents originate from the Alex Schwarzkopf Collection. These images reflect the horrors of the Nazi atrocities in Poland. In addition to highlighting the unbearable reality of  mundane life in the Warsaw Ghetto, the other documents shed light on mass deportations, and the aftermath of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising. Another personal collection is a small selection of photographs known as the Jerzy Tomaszewski Collection.

The other collections of this group are presented according to geo-political divisions. They contain secondary photo-documents from almost all German-occupied territories in Europe, including the scenes of the Babi Yar massacre in Kiev and the anti-Jewish atrocities and actions in the occupied Soviet territories.  Horrendous camp and ghetto scenes constitute sub-collections of their own right.

Compilation of largely secondary materials depicting the course of the annihilation of European Jewry.

RG-23.01- Slovakian Jewry (Pamphlet describes Jewish victims in Slovakia)

RG-23.01.01- Front page- “The Tragedy of Slovakian Jewry”

RG-23.01.02- Photograph, Sign reads that Jews are not allowed into a café

RG-23.01.03- Photograph, Entrance and a fence of a labor camp. Above, map of Slovakia with camp locations.

RG-23.01.04- Photo collage of Jews forced onto or out of train cars.

RG-23.01.05- Diagram, a deportation ratio of Slovakian Jewry to concentration camps.

RG-23.01.06- Photograph, three different groups of would-to-be camp prisoners. They begin in their regular clothing and then are shown stripped down to their undergarments and finally in prisoner camp uniforms. The caption reads- “The horror begins.”

RG-23.01.07- Photograph, pathway to a concentration camp.

RG-23.01.08- Poster, “Jews fight in the allied armies against Nazis.” The poster shows a map of Europe and different Allied flags.

RG-23.01.09- Photo collage, sorting through possessions

RG-23.01.10- Photograph, Victims of mobile killing units. The caption reads, “Work of an Einsatzkommando.” (Mobile killing unit)

RG-23.02- Jerzy Tomaszewski Collection

This PDF file contains four photographs as part of the Jerzy Tomaszewski Collection. They depict German soldiers and SS forcing Jewish men to march and perform different spectacles.

RG-23.03- France

RG-23.03.01- Photograph, German troops in France, 1940

RG-23.03.02- Photograph, German troops march into Paris, street view, June 1940

RG-23.03.03- Photograph, German troops marching by the Arc de Triomphe, Paris, June 1940, German Federal Archives

RG-23.03.04- Photograph, Jews rounded up for deportation, Paris 1942

RG-23.04- Greece

RG-23.04.01- Photograph, German soldiers raising the flag over the Acropolis, May 1941, German Federal Archives

RG-23.04.02- Photograph, Jewish leaders with Metropolitan, Thessaloniki

RG-23.04.03- Photograph, Jews of Greece being deported from Ionia, 1944

RG-23.04.04- Photograph, Rabbi Meir with the King of Greece, Thessaloniki

RG-23.04.05- Registration of the Jews of Thessaloniki, July 1942, German Federal Archives

RG-23.05- Denmark

RG-23.05.01- Photograph, a Danish fishing boat with Jewish refugees entering Swedish waters, October 1943

RG-23.05.02- A letter from Danish King, Christian X to Rabbi Malchior expressing support with regard to a fire set up by Danish Nazis, which destroyed Rabbi’s synagogue in December of 1941

RG-23.05.03- Photograph, Result of a railroad attack on a German freight transport in Denmark

RG-23.05.04- Photograph, Danes resist Nazis. Taken from an American journal August 1943

RG-23.05.05- Printing of Danish underground newspaper, “De Frie Danske”

RG-23.05.06- Photograph, the fishing boat, Astrid, is on display in Haifa, Israel as a memorial in recognition of the Danish rescue operation of October 1943

RG-23.05.07- Photograph, A street in chaos. General strike in Copenhagen initiated by the Danish Resistance, July 1944

RG-23.05.08- Photograph, German soldiers saluting the King of Denmark, Christian X

RG023.05.09- Photograph, German troops occupying Aaberraa, South Jutland, Denmark

RG-23.05.10- A Jewish deportee’s ID card. Despite Danish effort to rescue Jews, about 500 were deported to Theresienstadt

RG-23.05.11- Photograph, Members of the Danish Resistance disarm German military personnel on the streets of Copenhagen, 1943

RG-23.06- Czechoslovakia

RG-23.06.01- Photograph, An honor guard forms in the Prague Castle awaits Hitler’s visit, March 1939

RG-23.06.02- Photograph, Czechs watch German troops entering Prague, March 15, 1939

RG-23.06.03- Photograph, Edvard Benes, the second president of Czechoslovakia and President of Czechoslovakia in Exile, 1942, Library of Congress, Public domain

RG-23.06.04- Photograph, German troops enter Prague, March 15, 1939

RG-23.06.05- Photograph, Hitler reviews the honor guard inside the Prague Castle, March 1939, US National Archive

RG-23.06.06- Photograph, coffee break during the Munich Conference on Sudetenland

RG-23.06.07- Official Announcement in German and Czech, Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia, November 1939, Bundesarchiv, 003-030-030, copyrighted

RG-23.06.08- Partition of Czechoslovakia, after March 1939, Wikimedia Commons

RG-23.06.09- Photograph, Emil Hacha, third president of Czechoslovakia, meeting with Hitler, Göring, and other officials, Berlin March 14, 1939

RG-23.06.10- Photograph, Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia, Plaque, warning against sabotage, August 1939, Bundesarchiv, record Plak 003-030-026, Copyrighted

Rg-23.06.11- Photograph, First president of Czechoslovakia returns from exile, Tomas Masaryk. December 1948, GNU Free documentation license

RG-23.07- Dachau

RG-23.07.01- Photograph, Dachau concentration camp after liberation, an American soldier posing in front of the pile of corpses

RG-23.08- Gross-Rosen

RG-23.08.01- Transport list from Gross Rosen concentration camp to Bruenlitz, including males and females

RG-23.08.01.01- Transport list page 1

RG-23.08.01.02- Transport list page 2

RG-23.08.01.03- Transport list page 3

RG-23.08.01.04- Transport list page 4

RG-23.08.01.05- Transport list page 5

RG-23.08.01.06- Transport list page 6

RG-23.08.01.07- Transport list page 7

RG-23.08.01.08- Transport list page 8

RG-23.08.01.09- Transport list page 9

RG-23.08.01.10- Transport list page 10

RG-23.08.01.11- Transport list page 11

RG-23.08.01.12- Transport list page 12

RG-23.08.01.13- Transport list page 13

RG-23.08.01.14- Transport list page 14

RG-23.08.01.15- Transport list page 15

RG-23.09- Bialystok ghetto

RG-23.09.01- Bialystok Ghetto at the liquidation

RG-23.10- Sachsenhausen

RG-23.10.01- Photograph, Sachsenhausen, roll call, ca 1936

RG-23.11- Bergen-Belsen

RG-23.11.01- Photograph, Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, prisoners are lined up

RG-23.11.02- Photograph, Inmates at Bergen-Belsen

RG-23.11.03- Photograph, Open mass grave

RG-23.11.04- Photograph, Bergen-Belsen after liberation, this is a view of the barracks and some former inmates.

RG-23.11.05- Photograph, A bulldozer pushing bodies into a mass grave, post-liberation

RG-23.11.06- Photograph, A woman helping to wash another woman in the aftermath of liberation.

RG-23.11.07- Photograph, A female victim of German atrocities, she has bandages on her face.

RG-23.11.08- Photograph, Emaciated female inmate after liberation.

RG-23.11.09- Photograph, Female camp guards of Bergen-Belsen concentration camp captured about liberation on April 18, 1945.

RG-23.11.10- Photograph, Female SS guards are compelled by British liberators to bury camp inmates in the mass grave, spring 1945.

RG-23.12- The Netherlands

RG-23.12.01- Photograph, Holland, deportation, a street scene

RG-23.12.02- Photograph, deportation from Westerbork transit camp, the Netherlands, USHMM copyrighted

RG-23.12.03- Photograph, the destroyed city of Rotterdam after the German bombing, May 1940, German Federal Archives

RG-23.12.04- Photograph, Poison gas chamber with a warning sign

RG-23.13- Atrocities and Mass Killings

RG-23.13.01- Photograph, Serbs dig their own grave before mass killing

Provenance- Jewish-Serbian Friendship Society Magazine, 282 Trino Way, Pacific Palisade, CA 90272

Acquisition date- 13 August 1990

RG-23.13.02- Photograph, Bodies on the Save River, Serbia

Provenance- Jewish-Serbian Friendship Society Magazine, 282 Trino Way, Pacific Palisade, CA 90272

Acquisition date- 13 August 1990

RG-23.13.03- Photograph, German soldiers near the mass killing site, Serbia

Provenance- Jewish-Serbian Friendship Society Magazine, 282 Trino Way, Pacific Palisade, CA 90272

Acquisition date- 13 August 1990

RG-23.13.04- Photograph, Prisoner taken to execution accompanied by a band of camp prisoners

RG-23.13.05- Ten photographs, “Atrocities and Perpetration”- German officers looking over dead bodies; Jewish women forced to march in a line, nude; Nazi officers cutting off the hair and beards of Jewish men; a dead body clinging to barbed wire; and two Jewish men are forced to dig their own grave in Poland.

RG-23.13.06- Five photographs, “Humiliation and forced labor”- Jews carrying wood and laboring; a German officer pointing his pistol at the head of a man on his knees, who presumably tried to plan the murder of camp personnel; scene of a camp with bodies lying on the ground; a Jewish man having his beard cut off; and German soldiers laughing at an elderly man.

RG-23.13.07- Photograph, a German firing squad on a street in Drohobycz takes aim at unseen victims (public domain).

RG-23.13.08- Photograph, German civilians carry the bodies of concentration camp prisoners to a mass grave that they were forced to dig.

RG-23.13.09- Photograph, German soldiers viewing a mass murder scene in a town square

RG-23.13.10- Photograph, a German soldier aims his rifle at a women and her child in Ukraine, 1941

RG-23.13.11- Photograph, Jews rounded up in a paddock in Sompolno, Poland in 1941

RG-23.13.12- Photograph, An emaciated former female prisoner of a concentration camp after liberation.

RG-23.13.13- Photograph, Zyclon B, manufactured by I.G. Farben Industries, on display at a museum

RG-23.13.14- Photoshop version of photo #7 in RG-23.13.05, Polish policemen, known as Policja Granatowa cut beards

RG-23.13.15- Execution scene in Poland- NO PHOTO

RG-23.13.16- German soldier cuts beard of a Jewish man, humiliation scene- NO PHOTO

RG-23.14- Hungarian Jewry

RG-23.14.01- Photograph, Scene of mass murder. The victims are from a Hungarian Jewish transport. On the back of the photograph there is a stamp- L.A.P.I Droits Reserves

Provenance- Michael Cotton, 655 N. Hayworth, # 806, tel.  323 651-5163

Acquisition date- 4 February 1985

RG-23.14.02- Photograph, Scene of mass murder. Fence in the background, likely outside a concentration camp. The victims are from a Hungarian Jewish transport. On the back of the photograph there is a stamp- L.A.P.I Droits Reserves

Provenance- Michael Cotton, 655 N. Hayworth, # 806, tel.  323 651-5163

Acquisition date- 4 February 1985

RG-23.14.03- Photograph, Hungarian police arrest Jewish resistance fighter, Robert Mandel in Budapest. USHMM, public domain.

RG-23.15- Photograph, Janowska Road Camp, Lviv, Camp Orchestra, Photo credit- Walka, Zaglada Zydow w Polsce, 1939-1945, No. 318, Poland

RG-23.16- Minsk Ghetto

RG-23.16.01- Photograph, Minsk ghetto, inside view

RG-23.16.02- Photograph, Masha Bruskina with partisans before execution

RG-23.17- Anti-Jewish measures and violation of Jewish property

RG-23.17.01- Photograph, Anti-Jewish sign on a Jewish business

RG-23.17.02- Photograph, Broken window at a Jewish business

RG-23.17.03- Photograph, The Brünn department store in Berlin, painted with signs, Jewish stars, and caricatures before it was Aryanized, 1938, YIVO archives

RG-23.17.04- Photograph, Hitler Youth members forcing Vienna Jews to scrub the streets, 1938

RG-23.17.05- Photograph, Vienna Jews scrubbing the sidewalks

RG-23.17.06- Photograph, A Jewish boy is forced to paint the entrance to his home with the word “Jude,” Vienna 1938

RG-23.17.07- Photograph, a public Nazi appeal to boycott Jewish businesses, 1 April 1933

RG-23.17.08- Photograph of a Nazi rally. The banners read, “The Jews are our misfortune, Women and girls, the Jews are your undoing.” Berlin, 1935

RG-23.17.09- Photograph of the Great Synagogue in Orienburger Strasse in flames. Kristallnacht took place on 9 November 1938. The burning synagogue shares the photo space with a Jewish rabbi or scholar holding the Torah.

RG-23.17.10- Warsaw, a fur shop, preparing for German requisitions Part of the Alex Schwarzkopf collection.

RG-23.18- Jewish Service to maintain order- Jewish Police (Ordungsdienst)

RG-23.18.01- Photograph, Jewish policemen at questioning, Zawodzie, Poland

RG-23.18.02- Slide, Warsaw Ghetto, Jewish policeman regulating ghetto traffic

RG-23.18.03- Photograph, Jewish policemen convoy a group of Jews, Alex Schwartzkopf Collection

RG-23.18.04- A Jewish policeman with his wife and son in the Lodz Ghetto

RG-23.18.05- Photograph, roll call of Jewish police in Krakow ghetto, Police chief S. Szapiro straightening a policeman’s cap

RG-23.18.06- Photograph, Jewish policemen in the Krakow ghetto, second from the right is Simcha Spiro, head of the Jewish police

RG-23.18.07- Photograph, Jewish police arresting two Jewish youths for smuggling in the Warsaw ghetto

RG-23.18.08- Photograph, Jewish order police in Lodz ghetto

RG-23.18.09- Photograph, Jewish order police on snow removal duty in Lodz

RG-23.18.10- Photograph, Jewish order police at attention in May 1941. Copyrighted by the Bundesarchiv. (Warsaw)

RG-23.18.11- Photograph, Jewish police action (running) in the Warsaw ghetto

RG-23.18.12- Photograph, Jewish service to maintain order, Ordungsdienst. A man is reading a paper to others.

RG-23.18.13- Photograph, Romek Kaliski, member of the Jewish order police in the Lodz ghetto

RG-23.19- Norway

RG-23.20.01- Photograph, Memorial plaque at Stabekk elementary school commemorating three Jewish children deported and murdered in Auschwitz, 1942, Norway, conditional public domain

RG-23.20- Lwów Ghetto

RG-23.20.01- Copy of a document, Lwów ghetto, Search advertisement for a Jewish female under false identity

RG-23.20.02- Photograph, German soldiers entering the city, passing by Zamarstynów Street

RG-23.20.03- Official announcement in German, Ukrainian and Polish on the establishment of a ghetto in Lviv, November 1941, copyrighted by the Bundesarchiv, 003-037-085

RG-23.21- Camp scenes before the liberation

RG-23.21.01- Arriving to a camp

RG-23.21.02- Concentration camp Stop sign, Alex Schwartzkopf Collection – NO PHOTO

RG-23.22- Humiliation and mockery on the part of Germans

RG-23.22.01- Photograph, a Jewish man in religious attire prays over the dead, while the German soldiers watch and laugh

RG-23.23- Cracow ghetto

RG-23.23.01- Photograph, Cracow ghetto, entrance

RG-23.23.02- Photograph, Cracow streetcar worker hanging a sign separating the Jewish and non-Jewish passengers

RG-23.23.03- Photograph, Decree of the Governor of the Generalgouvernement that evicts all Jews from Cracow who do not have special permission documents.

RG-23.23.04- Photograph, Jewish family before deportation from the Cracow ghetto

RG-23.23.05- Photograph, Jewish couple in the Cracow ghetto walk down a street, the woman is holding a milk jug

RG-23.23.06- Photograph, Belongings of the deportees from the Cracow ghetto to the Belzec extermination camp are left strewn about on the street.

RG-23.23.07- Photograph, Elderly Jews in the Cracow ghetto partaking in forced labor

RG-23.23.08- Photograph, Hostages lined up against a wall with their hands up

RG-23.23.09- Photograph, Jewish policemen. Second from the right is Simcha Spiro, head of the Jewish police.

RG-23.23.10- Photograph, Jews deported from the Cracow ghetto

RG-23.23.11- Photograph, sign in a public park in German and Polish that reads, “Jews are not allowed.”

RG-23.23.12- Photograph, Jews are being deported around the Sukienice Square

RG-23.23.13- Photograph, Decree declaring a ghetto in Cracow around which are maps of the ghetto

RG-23.23.14- Photograph, Jews deported from the Cracow ghetto on truck

RG-23.23.15- Photograph, broken and smashed tombstones in the Jewish cemetery in Cracow

RG-23.23.16- Photograph of two men- Dolek Liebeskind and Szimszon Draenger who were members of the Jewish resistance in the Cracow ghetto

RG-23.23.17- Photograph, German soldiers entering the Cracow ghetto with three elderly Jews running away from them.

RG-23.23.18- Photograph, Graffiti on the wall of cell No. 2 in the Gestapo building at 2 Pomorska St, Cracow

RG-23.23.19- Photograph, people taking possessions to the ghetto out of the Jewish quarter called Kazimierz

RG-23.23.20- Photograph, Ordinance issued by Dr. Waechter, Governor of the Generalgouvernement regarding the eviction of the Jews from the city of Cracow

RG-23.23.21- Photograph of a performance in the Cracow ghetto, a German officer and a Jewish policeman sit in the front row

RG-23.23.22- Scan of Gazeta Zydowska Newspaper in Cracow, 1940-1941, 35 pages

RG-23.23.22.01- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 1

RG-23.23.22.02- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 2

RG-23.23.22.03- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 3

RG-23.23.22.04- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 4

RG-23.23.22.05- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 5

RG-23.23.22.06- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 6

RG-23.23.22.07- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 7

RG-23.23.22.08- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 8

RG-23.23.22.09- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 9

RG-23.23.22.10- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 10

RG-23.23.22.11- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 11

RG-23.23.22.12- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 12

RG-23.23.22.13- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 13

RG-23.23.22.14- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 14

RG-23.23.22.15- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 15

RG-23.23.22.16- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 16

RG-23.23.22.17- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 17

RG-23.23.22.18- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 18

RG-23.23.22.19- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 19

RG-23.23.22.20- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 20

RG-23.23.22.21- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 21

RG-23.23.22.22- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 22

RG-23.23.22.23- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 23

RG-23.23.22.24- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 24

RG-23.23.22.25- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 25

RG-23.23.22.26- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 26

RG-23.23.22.27- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 27

RG-23.23.22.28- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 28

RG-23.23.22.29- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 29

RG-23.23.22.30- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 30

RG-23.23.22.31- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 31

RG-23.23.22.32- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 32

RG-23.23.22.33- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 33

RG-23.23.22.34- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 34

RG-23.23.22.35- Gazeta Zydowska, 1940-1941, page 35

RG-23.24- Invasion of Poland

RG-23.24.01- Slide, A ghetto scene- order for a transport

RG-23.24.02- Photograph, German soldiers cuts off a beard of Jewish man, Alex Schwartzkopf Collection- NO PHOTO

RG-23.24.03- Photograph, Execution scene, Poland- NO PHOTO

RG-23.24.04- Photograph of an alley or perhaps part of a ghetto in Czeladz, Poland in 1941

RG-23.24.05- Photograph, German police patrol at Wawel Castle in Krakow in 1939. Copyrighted by the Bundesarchiv (121-0293).

RG-23.24.06- Photograph, Poster reads “Poland, First to Fight”

RG-23.24.07- Photograph, The Royal Castle in Warsaw burning after German shellfire on 17 September 1939. (public domain)

RG-23.24.08- Photograph, The signing of the Soviet- German non-aggression pact- Molotov- Ribbentrop Pact. This is from the U.S. National Archives.

RG-23.24.09- Photograph, German soldiers parade through Warsaw on 5 October 1939. (Public domain)

RG-23.24.10- Photograph, Jewish prisoners in Warsaw liberate by the Polish Home Army Soldiers. Warsaw Uprising. (public domain)

RG-23.24.11- Photograph, Jews from villages are forces to march into a ghetto.

RG-23.24.12- Drawing, Mass execution of the Polish prisoners of war in the Katyn Forest in Russia in April of 1940. Copyrighted by the Bundesarchiv.

RG-23.24.13- Photograph, “Meeting of the allies,” a German and a Soviet officer shake hands at the end of the new partition in Poland in September of 1939. TASS (public domain)

RG-23.24.14- Photograph, Polish prisoners of war captured by the Soviet Army after the invasion of Poland in September 1939 (public domain)

RG-23.24.15- Photograph, a German officer takes picture of the religious Jews in Zablocie, Poland.

RG-23.25- Riga Ghetto

RG-23.25.01- Photograph, Riga ghetto, an inside view

RG-23.25.02- Photograph, local women posing with entering German soldiers, Riga, Bundesarchiv, photo 183-L19397

RG-23.26- Sobibor

RG-23.25.01- Photograph, memorial plaque at Sobibor death camp

RG-23.25.02- Photograph, Sobibor camp monument

RG-23.27- Western Europe

RG-23.27.01- Deportation of Jews from a West European country, Alex Schwartzkopf Collection – NO PHOTO

RG-23.28- Deportation and transport scenes

RG-23.28.01- Arrival of a transport- NO PHOTO

RG-23.28.02- Photograph, deportation of German Jews to the east, undated

RG-23.28.03- Photograph, transport to Treblinka at the cattle cars

RG-23.28.04- Photograph, Hungarian Jews arriving at Auschwitz-Birkenau

RG-23.29- Theresienstadt-

RG-23.29.01- Photograph, Theresienstadt, musical performance

RG-23.29.02- Photograph, Theresienstadt, entrance to the ghetto, a former garrison town

RG-23.29.03- Photograph, Theresienstadt, in the offices of ghetto establishments

RG-23.29.04- Photograph, Theresienstadt, gate with “Arbeit macht frei” inscription.

RG-23.30- Mauthausen Concentration Camp and the aftermath of liberation

RG-23.30.01- Photograph, Civilians of Mauthausen making coffins for the former inmates of the Mauthausen Concentration Camp

RG-23.30.02- Photograph, Slave laborers working at the granite work sites near Mauthausen.

RG-23.30.03- Photograph, an initial memorial site at Mauthausen. Part of the Alex Schwartzkopf collection.

RG-23.31- Bulgaria

RG-23.31.01- Photograph, Jews from Sofia are dispatched to countryside for forced labor

RG-23.31.02- Photograph, Bulgarian Jews building a road in a forced labor brigade. This image is USHMM copyrighted.

RG-23.31.03- Photograph, Bulgarian Jews working on a road construction project in a forced labor brigade. This image is USHMM copyrighted.

RG-23.31.04- Photograph, Jewish and Bulgarian soldiers posing outside a “canteen.” This image is USHMM copyrighted.

RG-23.31.05- Photograph, Jewish forced laborers posing next to a truck in Bulgaria. This image is USHMM copyrighted.

RG-23.32- Yugoslavia

RG-23.32.01- Photograph, Jewish partisan in a Yugoslavian partisan unit units in German-occupied or controlled countries

RG-23.33- Treblinka

RG-23.33.01- Photograph, pile of shoes left by the gassed prisoners at the Treblinka camp

RG-23.34- Babi Yar

RG-23.34.01- Photograph, Jews marching towards the ravine of Babi Yar on 29 September, 1941

RG-23.34.02- Photograph, Jews at Babi Yar before the execution

RG-23.34.03- Photograph, public German order to Kiev Jews to report at the collection point on 29 September 1941 in Russian, Ukrainian and German.

RG-23.34.04- Photograph, Dina Pronicheva, a Jewish survivor of the Babi Yar massacre. She is testifying at the war crimes trial in Kiev.

RG-23.34.05- Photograph, women sitting in front of soldiers at Babi Yar

RG-23.35- Belgium- The Breendonk Internment Camp

RG-23.35.01- Photograph, courtyard of the Breendonk internment camp, Belgium

RG-23.35.02- Photograph, entrance to the Breedonk internment camp, in its original state

RG-23.35.03- Photograph, Entrance to the Breedonk internment camp memorial campsite in Belgium, modern photo.

RG-23.35.04- Photograph, Warning sign at the Breendonk internment camp in Belgium. It reads, “Whoever steps beyond this border will be shot.”

RG-23.35.05- Photograph, Fort van Breendonk as it is now (conditional public domain)

RG-23.36- Ukraine

RG-23.36.01- Photograph, Before mass shooting, Jews are dig a common grave. Strove, Ukraine in July 1941, German Federal Archive

RG-23.36.02- Photograph, Formation of the SS Galizien division 1943, Kolomyja, Galicia

RG-23.36.03-Photograph, Galician volunteers to the 14 Waffen SS Division marching on Kosciuszko St. in Sanok, May 1943, public domain

RG-23.36.04- Photograph, Hans Frank, General Governor of the Generalgouvernement, before the installation of the volunteers to the Galizien Division, Sanok, May 1943, public domain

RG-23.36.05- Poster calling for volunteers to the Galizien Division to fight against Bolshevism, 1943, Galicia, copyrighted material

RG-23.36.06- Poster in German and Ukrainian appealing to join the Galizien Division, Sanok, Western Galicia, Poland, May 1943, Sanok Historical Museum, public domain

RG-23.36.07- Reichskommissariat, Ukraine map

RG-23.36.08- Photograph, shooting of women and children from the Mizoch ghetto, October 1942, Ukraine

RG-23.36.09- Photograph, SS Galizien division 1943

RG-23.36.10- Ukrainian newspaper Wolyn, Kiev liberated, 30 September 1941

RG-23.37- Vilna Ghetto

RG-23.37.01- Photograph, entrance to the Vilna Ghetto

RG-23.38- Nordhausen

RG-23.38.01- Photograph, German civilians digging mass graves for the Jewish inmates of Nordhausen

RG-23.38.02- Photograph, Nordhausen concentration camp, post-liberation

RG-23.39- Munich Accord

RG-23.39.01- Photograph, Before signing the Munich Agreement., from left to right- Chamberlain, Daladier, Hitler, Mussolini, Ciano. German Federal Archive

RG-23.39.02- Photograph, Crowds of Sudeten Germans gather in the Cheb Market Square to greet German Troops, October 13 1938, Illustrierte Beobachter

RG-23.39.03- Photograph, Hitler is greeted by Sudetenland Germans in Cheb, October 1939, German Federal Archives, public domain

RG-23.39.04- Map of Post-Munich Europe, 1938-1939, GNU free documentation license

RG-23.39.05- word document explaining the Map of Post Munich Europe

RG-23.39.06- Word document containing the Munich Pact text, September 29

RG-23.39.07- Newsletter, “Parole der Woche zum Sudetenland.” German Federal Archive, record Plak 003-009-110, copyrighted

RG-23.39.08- Photo, people of Cheb, Sudetenland salute the German troops entering the town in October of 1938. A mixed reaction is seen. German Federal Archive, public domain

RG-23.40- Varian Fry

RG-23.40.01- A letter by Varian Fry to the American consul to Vichy France seeking help in obtaining an exit visa for Walter Meyerhof, USHMM, 45060, copyrighted

RG-23.40.01- An advertisement for a lecture series given by Varian Fry in New York, USHMM, 15048, not copyrighted

RG-23.40.02- Photo, Varian Fry walking in the street in Marseilles, USHMM 01230, not copyrighted

RG-23.41- Forced Posing in the Warsaw Ghetto

RG-23.41.01- A woman without a top, surrounded by soldiers.

RG-23.41.02- A soldier forcing a woman to strip.

RG-23.41.03- A woman on the floor, removing or putting on her socks.

RG-23.41.04- The same woman standing up in the street.

RG-23.41.05- A woman with her elbow raised and men in the background on the street.

RG-23.41.06- A soldier forcing a woman to strip in the street.

RG-23.41.07- Two soldiers forcing two women to strip.

RG-23.41.08- A woman standing in the street without a top as a soldier in the back keeps guard.

RG-23.42- Belzec Death Camp

RG-23.42.01- Photograph, Belzec death camp, SS and Ukrainian guards posing at the camp

RG-23.43- Drancy

RG-23.43.01- Photograph, Drancy transit camp near Paris, „apparently public domain“

RG-23.43.02- Photograph, Drancy transit camp, a view of people and the building

RG-23.44- Drohobycz

RG-23.44.01- Self-portrait of Bruno Schulz

RG-23.44.02- Photograph, Bruno Schulz, Drohobycz, late 1930s

RG-23.44.03- Photograph, deportation of Drohobycz Jews

RG-23.44.04- Photograph, Drohobycz Rynek Square, ca. 1900

RG-23.45- Einsatzgruppen

RG-23.45.01- Photograph, an ordinary German soldier murdering mother and child, Ukraine, ca. 1941

RG-23.45.02- Photograph, Jews from Lubny in Ukraine were order to the open field before they were executed by the Einsatzgruppen commando, October 1941. Wiesbaden Archive

RG-23.46- False Identity

RG-23.46.01- A false change of address form for Fanny Tennenbaum under the name of Franciszka Wieczorkowska, near Lwow. USHMM copyrighted

RG-23.47- Galicia

RG-23.47.01- Announcement to the population of Lwow county form the head of city administration Bauer. It was part of the new administrative division in September of 1941. Bundesarchiv Plak 003-036-159

RG-23.47.02- Ordinance issued by the district head to the officials of Rawa Ruska in order to establish a Judenrat in October of 1941. Bundesarchiv 003-037-022, copyrighted

RG-23.47.03- Ordinance by Governor of Eastern Galicia, Dr. Lasch for the city of Lemberg in November of 1941. Bundesarchiv, 003-037-035, copyrighted

RG-23.47.04- Order of curfew in Lemberg for Jews, non-Jews and public establishments put in place in August of 1941. Bundesarchiv 003-036-118, copyrighted

RG-23.47.05- Oder for the Jewish population in Lwow in German, Ukrainian and Polish from August 1942. Bundesarchiv Plak 003-037-083

RG-23.47.06- City Ordinance, Lemberg on the registration of alien residents, December 1941, Bundesarchiv Plak 003-036-125, copyrighted

RG-23.47.07- Appeal to the rural population of Galicia, in German, Ukrainian and Polish, August 1941, Bundesarchiv Plak 003-036-121, copyrighted

RG-23.47.08- Appeal of warning to German soldiers. Galicia, 1941, Bundesarchiv Plak 003-036-124, copyrighted

RG-23.47.09- Announcement in German, Ukrainian and Polish, Sanok, Lisko in October of 1939, Bundesarchiv 003-036-107, copyrighted

RG-23.47.10- images folder- contains one photo which is an ordinance by Governor of Eastern Galicia, Dr. Lasch for the city of Lemberg, November 1941, Bundesarchiv 003-037-035 copyrighted

RG-23.48- Invasion of the Soviet Union

RG-23.48.01- Word document which describes the Diary of Tania Savicheva, who was a pupil in Leningrad.

RG-23.48.02- Photograph, Pages from Tania Savicheva’s diary, which includes a picture of presumably, Tania.

RG-23.48.03- “Operation Barbarossa” The German code name for the plan of invasion of the Soviet Union. This scan is one page from the document (public domain).

RG-23.48.04- Photograph, Soviet prisoners of war captured near Minsk on July 2 1941. German Federal Archive, Bild 146-1982-077-11

RG-23.49- Janowska Camp

RG-23.49.01- Photograph, Bone crushing machine used to grind human bones for fertilizer in the city of Lwow after liberation in August 1944. USHMM

RG-23.49.02- Photograph, Janowska Camp in Lviv, the Camp orchestra.

RG-23.49.03- Photograph, Janowska Camp Orchestra.

RG-23.49.04- Photograph, pile of shoes of the victims of the Janowska concentration camp in Lwow, found after liberation.

RG-23.50- Jasenovac concentration camp

RG-23.50.01- Photograph, Croatian soldier stands among the bodies of prisoners murdered in the Jasenovac concentration camp.

RG-23.50.02- Photograph, children from Kozare at the Jasenovac concentration camp (public domain).

RG-23.50.03- Photograph, people walking down the street as part of the deportation into the Jasenovac camp circa 1942, USHMM.

RG-23.50.04- Photograph, Serbs in the camp in Croatia, USHMM

RG-23.50.05- Photograph, Ustasa guards eat at the table. In the foreground on can see belongings of prisoners who were deported to the Jasenovac camp.

RG-23.50.06- Photograph of Ustasa guards searching new prisoners at the camp, USHMM.

RG-23.50.07- Photograph, Ustasa militia execute people near the camp, USHMM

RG-23.50.08- Photograph, aerial view of the Jasenovac camp in Croatia, 1941-1942.

RG-23.51- Jewish resistance

RG-23.51.01- Dolek Liebeskind and Szomszon Draenger, member of the Jewish resistance in the Cracow ghetto

RG-23.51.02- Graffiti on the wall of Cell no.2 in the Gestapo building at 2 Pomorska Street, Cracow

RG-23.52- Kindertransport

RG-23.52.01- Photograph, of the Kindertransport. An English policeman meets Jewish kids arriving from Nazi Germany in December of 1938, Bundesarchiv photo 183-S69-273, copyrighted

RG-23.53- Kovno Ghetto

RG-23.53.01- Photograph, deportation from Kovno ghetto

RG-23.53.02- Photograph, of a workshop of the ghetto

RG-23.53.03- Photograph, of the children’s school in the ghetto

RG-23.54- Le Chambon sur Lignon, a town of refuge

RG-23.54.01-Photograph, Jewish youth from La Guespy children’s home in Le Chambon sur Lignon posing in the snow, USHMM, 83599, copyrighted.

RG-23.54.02- Photograph, Jewish youth from the same children’s home pose, USHMM, 03696, copyrighted.

RG-23.54.03- Photograph, Juliette Usach and four boys sit beneath a sign to Le Chambon sur Lignon, USHMM, copyrighted.

RG-23.54.04- Photograph, (left) Pastor Andre Trocme, (center) Roger Darcissa, and (right) Pastor Edouard Theis, USHMM copyrighted.

RG-23.54.05-Photograph, view of Le Chambon sur Lignon in southern France, USHMM, copyrighted.

RG-23.55- Lublin Ghetto

RG-23.55.01- Photograph, A Jewish man is questioned by a German policeman in Lublin in December of 1940. German Federal Archive, copyrighted

RG-23.55.02- Photograph, street scene in Lublin Ghetto in December of 1940, German Federal Archive, copyrighted.

RG-23.55.03- Photograph, Jewish men in the Lublin Castle prison, December 1940, German Federal Archive, copyrighted

RG-23.55.04- Photograph, Judenrat in the Lublin Ghetto, entrance

In 1942.

RG-23.55.06- Photograph, Lublin ghetto, German soldiers discover Jews in a hideout.

RG-23.55.07- Photograph, Lublin ghetto, Lubartowska Street.

RG-23.56- Maly Trostenets

RG-23.56.01- Photograph, entrance to the camp Maly Trostenets, auxiliary police are posing

RG-23.56.02- Maly Trostenets death camp sign warning to not enter

RG-23.57- Medical Experiments

RG-23.57.01- Photograph, victims of Dr. Mengele’s medical experiments, Auschwitz-Birkenau

RG-23.58- Rescue and Aid

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RG-23.58.01- Photograph, A group of Hungarian Jews rescued by Raoul Wallenberg from deportation, Budapest in November of 1944. USHMM

RG-23.58.02- Portrait of Chuine (Sempto) and Yukiko Sugihara, Public domain

RG-23.58.03- Photograph, Hungarian Jews wait at the Swedish legation in Budapest in a hope of obtaining Swedish protective papers, 1944, public domain.

RG-23.58.04- Photograph, Jewish refugees at the gate of the Japanese consulate in Kaunas, Lithuania in July of 1940, public domain.

RG-23.58.05- Raoul Wallenberg distributes protective passes at the Jozsefvarosi train station. Pictured to the right with his hands clasped behind his back. USHMM.

RG-23.58.06- Raoul Wallenberg, passport photograph, June of 1944. USHMM, public domain.

RG-23.58.07- Sempto (Chuine) Sugiuhara portrait, public domain.