Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers, 1872-1970 | Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust

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Collection Overview

Title: Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers, 1872-1970

Predominant Dates:1933 -- 1945

ID: RG-75/RG-75

Primary Creator: Bernhard Family (1870s -- present)

Extent: 4.0 Boxes

Arrangement: Materials are arranged by subject/creator, then by identifier, as assigned by the processor

Subjects: American far-right political spectrum, Anarchist ideology, Anti-Bolshevik propaganda, Polish, Anti-communist propaganda, American, anti-Israeli propaganda, American, Anti-Israeli propaganda, Soviet, Anti-Israeli publications, Soviet, anti-Jewish caricatures, Anti-Jewish caricatures, German, Anti-Jewish propaganda, American, Anti-Jewish propaganda leaflets, Russian language, 1941 -- 1945, Anti-Jewish propaganda leaflets, Ukrainian language, 1939 -- 1945, anti-Segregationist ideology, Anti-Semitic caricatures, Anti-Semitic postcards, American, Anti-Semitic publications, Czech, Anti-Zionist propaganda, Soviet, Anti-Zionist publications, American, Anti-Zionist publications, Soviet, Antisemitic publications, American, Antisemitic satire, Antisemitism in Germany, Antisemitism in Hungary, Antisemitism in United States, Appeals to volunteer to German labor service, 1941 -- 1945, Birth Certificate, Ernst Schesenger, Birth certificates, British mandate authority of Palestine, 1920 -- 1948, Common Sense, American anti-Communist publication, postwar, Communist ideology, Consulate and diplomatic missions, Polish, Consulates and diplomatic missions, Consulates and diplomatic missions, Argentinian, Documents in English language, Documents in German language, Documents in Russian language, Documents in Ukrainian language, Documents related to immigration to Palestine, prewar, Emigration from Nazi Germany to Palestine, prewar, Family history, documents, Family photo-documents, Fiction literature about Jews in English, German appeals to surrender to the Red Army soldiers, 1941 -- 1945, German propaganda to volunteer for work in Germany, 1941 -- 1945, Germany (1933 -- 1939), Identity cards issued by British Palestinian authorities, 1920 -- 1947, Immigration documents, Immigration to British Mandate of Palestine, Jewish -- Christian Literature, interpretive texts, Jizchok Leib Peretz (Perez), Yiddish and Hebrew writer, Literary works, Jewish-German, Local armed forces in the British Mandate Palestine, 1942 -- 1946, McCarthyism, the practice of making accusation of disloyalty, 1950 --1956, Military training of Jewish Palestinian volunteers, Narratives in English language, Narratives in German language, Narratives in Russian language, Narratives in Ukrainian language, Notgeld (German "emergency money") issued by an institution not authorized for money emission, Official correspondence about immigration from Argentina to Palestine, prewar, Official correspondence about immigration from Poland to Palestine, prewar and postwar, Palestine, British Mandate Territory (1918--1948), Publications of American Far-Rights, postwar, Russian collaborationist anti-Jewish appeal and caricatures, 1941 -- 1945, Socialist ideology, Surrender - passes to the Red Army soldiers, issued by the Germans, 1941 -- 1945, The Cross and the Flag, American anti-Communist publication, postwar, Ukrainian collaborationist anti-Jewish appeal and caricatures, 1939 -- 1945, Wiener Illustierte (Viennese Illustrator), Austrian wartime newspaper, Women's Voice, Far Right publication, American, postwar, Yiddish literature

Languages: Russian, German, Hebrew, Spanish;Castilian, English

Abstract

This is a collection record groups of family histories and related documents. It also includes multi-profile collections related to the Modern European and Middle East History. Several collections contains documents of Nazi-German anti-Jewish and anti-Soviet propaganda implemented in the Eastern Front in 1941 -- 1944. A collection of anti-Semitic publications largely relates to American publications of 1960s and 1970s. A family documents overall are related to the Palestinian period and earlier Austrian period of these families' histories. A Collection of its own right is the Segal Rosenbach documents of Musicology. The collections of the Evidences of Nazi-German crimes and the Collection of photo-documents from the Pacific war-theater are not necessarily family related. There is also a Collection of Hungarian-language antisemitic publications, perhaps somewhat related to the Family history.

Scope and Contents of the Materials

This is record group of multifaceted in historical sense collections, originated from the family papers of Herbert and Nancy Bernhard. The time span of the documents stretches from the 1870s to 1970s. The very names of its sub-record groups attests to the multi-dimensional character of these Papers. They include German and American antisemitic materials of the 20th century; Nazi-German anti-Jewish and anti-Soviet wartime propagandistic materials in the form of leaflets and appeals; Interwar and postwar documents originated from Palestine; The Immigration documents originate from Poland and Latin America; There are documents focusing on the family members. The other collections such as Evidences of Nazi-German crimes; Papers of Israel Segal Rosenbach in Musicology; The photo-documents from the Pacific war-theater, 1941 -- 1945 and the Hungarian antisemitic materials are not directly connected with these Family Papers.

Collection Historical Note

This Record Group contains nine sub-record groups, namely: RG-75.01, German and American antisemitic materials; RG-75.02, Nazi-German anti-Jewish and anti-Soviet propaganda materials used in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1944; RG-75.03, Interwar and Postwar Palestinian-Jewish materials; RG-75.05, Family documents and photographs, Austrian period; RG-75.06, Evidences of Nazi-German crimes, collection of photo-documents; RG-75.07, Papers of Israel Segal Rosenbach, Musicology; RG-75.08, The Pacific war-theater, 1941 --1945, photo-documents; RG-75.09, Hungarian Antisemitic materials, 1884 -- 1944. As a whole these collections reflects Modern European History, the History of the Holocaust and personal nerratives in the form of famiily histories.

Biographical Note

This Record Group includes ten sub-record groups dealing with a family history and containing unrelated historic documents. The Family of Bernhards includes a related faimilies at least in Austria, Poland, Russia, Romania, Palestine in course of the 19th and 20th centuries.

Subject/Index Terms

American far-right political spectrum
Anarchist ideology
Anti-Bolshevik propaganda, Polish
Anti-communist propaganda, American
anti-Israeli propaganda, American
Anti-Israeli propaganda, Soviet
Anti-Israeli publications, Soviet
anti-Jewish caricatures
Anti-Jewish caricatures, German
Anti-Jewish propaganda, American
Anti-Jewish propaganda leaflets, Russian language, 1941 -- 1945
Anti-Jewish propaganda leaflets, Ukrainian language, 1939 -- 1945
anti-Segregationist ideology
Anti-Semitic caricatures
Anti-Semitic postcards, American
Anti-Semitic publications, Czech
Anti-Zionist propaganda, Soviet
Anti-Zionist publications, American
Anti-Zionist publications, Soviet
Antisemitic publications, American
Antisemitic satire
Antisemitism in Germany
Antisemitism in Hungary
Antisemitism in United States
Appeals to volunteer to German labor service, 1941 -- 1945
Birth Certificate, Ernst Schesenger
Birth certificates
British mandate authority of Palestine, 1920 -- 1948
Common Sense, American anti-Communist publication, postwar
Communist ideology
Consulate and diplomatic missions, Polish
Consulates and diplomatic missions
Consulates and diplomatic missions, Argentinian
Documents in English language
Documents in German language
Documents in Russian language
Documents in Ukrainian language
Documents related to immigration to Palestine, prewar
Emigration from Nazi Germany to Palestine, prewar
Family history, documents
Family photo-documents
Fiction literature about Jews in English
German appeals to surrender to the Red Army soldiers, 1941 -- 1945
German propaganda to volunteer for work in Germany, 1941 -- 1945
Germany (1933 -- 1939)
Identity cards issued by British Palestinian authorities, 1920 -- 1947
Immigration documents
Immigration to British Mandate of Palestine
Jewish -- Christian Literature, interpretive texts
Jizchok Leib Peretz (Perez), Yiddish and Hebrew writer
Literary works, Jewish-German
Local armed forces in the British Mandate Palestine, 1942 -- 1946
McCarthyism, the practice of making accusation of disloyalty, 1950 --1956
Military training of Jewish Palestinian volunteers
Narratives in English language
Narratives in German language
Narratives in Russian language
Narratives in Ukrainian language
Notgeld (German "emergency money") issued by an institution not authorized for money emission
Official correspondence about immigration from Argentina to Palestine, prewar
Official correspondence about immigration from Poland to Palestine, prewar and postwar
Palestine, British Mandate Territory (1918--1948)
Publications of American Far-Rights, postwar
Russian collaborationist anti-Jewish appeal and caricatures, 1941 -- 1945
Socialist ideology
Surrender - passes to the Red Army soldiers, issued by the Germans, 1941 -- 1945
The Cross and the Flag, American anti-Communist publication, postwar
Ukrainian collaborationist anti-Jewish appeal and caricatures, 1939 -- 1945
Wiener Illustierte (Viennese Illustrator), Austrian wartime newspaper
Women's Voice, Far Right publication, American, postwar
Yiddish literature

Box and Folder Listing

Browse by Sub-Collection:

[Sub-Collection 1: RG-75.01, German and American antisemitic materials, late 19th century -- 1970s],
[Sub-Collection 2: RG-75.02, German anti-Jewish and anti-Soviet propaganda in the Eastern Front, 1939 -- 1945],
[Sub-Collection 3: RG-75.03, Interwar and Postwar Palestinian-Jewish materials, 1930s -- 1940s],
[Sub-Collection 4: RG-75.04, Prewar Polish and Latin American immigration papers, 1918 -- 1945],
[Sub-Collection 5: RG-75.05, Family documents and photographs, 19-20th centuries, late 19th - beginning of the 20th century],
[Sub-Collection 6: RG-75.06, Evidences of Nazi crimes and postwar emigration to Palestine, 1939 -- 1945],
[Sub-Collection 7: RG-75.07, Papers of Israel Segal Rosenbach, Musicology, 1920s -- 1940s],
[Sub-Collection 8: RG-75.08, The Pacific war-theater, 1941 --1945, photo-documents, 1941 -- 1945],
[Sub-Collection 9: RG-75.09, Hungarian Antisemitic materials, 1884 -- 1944, late 19th century -- 20th century],
[All]

Sub-Collection 2: RG-75.02, German anti-Jewish and anti-Soviet propaganda in the Eastern Front, 1939 -- 1945

This collection comprises anitsemitic and antisoviet Nazi-German and local collaborationist publications in the form of appeals, announcements, leaflets and propaganda materials. These publications largerly were produced for the Eastern occupied territories of the former USSR.

Subject/Index Terms:: Anti-Jewish propaganda, German; Anti-Jewish propaganda leaflets, Russian language, 1941 -- 1945; Anti-Jewish propaganda leaflets, Ukrainian language, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi anti-Jewish propaganda; Anti-Soviet propaganda, German; anti-Stalin propaganda, German; Anti-Soviet propaganda, collaborationist; anti-Soviet propaganda, Ukrainian; anti-Jewish propaganda, Ukrainian; anti-Stalin propaganda, Ukrainian; German anti-Jewish appeals in the Soviet-occupied territories; German anti-Soviet appeals in the Soviet-occupied territories; German anti-Stalinist appeals in the Soviet-occupied territories; Collaborationist, anti-Jewish narratives, 1939 -- 1945; German appeals to the Red Army soldiers, Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Appeals to volunteer to German labor service, 1941 -- 1945; Deception and propaganda about volunteer labor in Germany, 1941 -- 1945; Antisemitism in the German-occupied and controlled territories, 1939 -- 1945; Collaboration in antisemitic propaganda in the German-controlled and occupied territories; Appeals to join German Labor Service and start working in Germany; German appeals to Red Army soldiers to surrender, 1941 -- 1945; The USSR (1941--1945); Germany (1939--1945); Narratives in Russian language; Documents in Russian language; Narratives in Ukrainian language; Documents in Ukrainian language; Eastern Front, the German War against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945

Creators:: Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front (1941 -- 1945); Collaborationist propaganda services rendering anti-Jewish, anti-Communist, anti-Stalin materials (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 1: RG-75.02.01, Anti-Semitic caricature of Jew with Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin, 1941-1945, 1941-1945

A Nazi caricature of President Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin listening to a Jewish man play a pipe. Below is a description in Dutch that translates to “Yankee-Englishman-Bolshevik dancing to the pipes of the Jews”, insinuating that the Jews are controlling these Allied force leaders decisions. This is clearly a piece of Nazi propaganda because the Netherlands were occupied by Nazi Germany from 1940 to 1945 and Stalin did not join the Allies until 1941, when the Germans invaded the USSR.

Subject/Index Terms:: Antisemitism in the German-occupied and controlled territories, 1939 -- 1945; Collaboration in antisemitic propaganda in the German-controlled and occupied territories; Collaborationist, anti-Jewish narratives, 1939 -- 1945; Germany (1939--1945); The USSR (1941--1945); Nazi anti-Bolshevism; Nazi anti-Bolshevik racial and political propaganda; The Netherlands (1940--1945); The Netherlands (Europe); German occupation of the Netherlands, 1940 -- 1945; United States (1939 -- 1945); Great Britain (1939--1945); Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, 1874--1965; Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States, 1882 -- 1945; Joseph Stalin, General Secretary of the Party and Prime Minister of the USSR, 1879 -- 1953; Allied forces; anti-American caricatures; anti-British caricatures; anti-Jewish caricatures; Anti-semitic caricature, Dutch; Nazi political caricatures; Anti-Jewish propaganda, Nazi; Anti-Soviet propaganda, Nazi; Anti-Stalin propaganda, Nazi; Documents in Dutch language; Dutch, language; Narratives in Dutch language; Anti-allies propaganda, Nazi Germany; Nazi Propaganda; Nazi-German propaganda in the Netherlands, 1940 -- 1945; Nazi-German political propaganda; Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s)

Creators:: Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s); Collaborationist propaganda services rendering anti-Jewish, anti-Communist, anti-Stalin materials (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 2: RG-75.02.02, The Idea of Race in the Modern World, Nazi Publication 1939, 1939

A piece of Nazi literature from 1939 written by Fritz Dahms entitled “Die Rassenidee im modernen Weltbild”, or “The Idea of Race in the Modern World”. Fritz Dahms was an official at the German Foreign Office and this specific piece was written for the University for Political Research Department in Nazi Germany. It discusses the idea of racial purity in Germany. During the Nazi regime, all aspects of the education system were controlled by Nazi authorities.

Subject/Index Terms:: Anti-Jewish propaganda, Nazi; Anti-Jewish propaganda, German; Germany (1939--1945); Nazi Propaganda; German Literature; German literature published in the course of the Second World War; Publications, German; Nazi-German literature; Documents in German language; German, language; Narratives in German language; Nazi racial theory; Racial ideology; Anti-semitic publication, German; Aryanization; Education documents, German, 1939 -- 1945; Education in Germany, 1939 -- 1945; Fritz Dahms, author of Nazi racial theory literature (1939); Junker und Duennhaupt Verlag, Berlin, publishing company; Berlin (Germany); Universities, German (1939 -- 1945); Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s)

Creators:: Fritz Dahms, author of Nazi racial theory literature (1939); Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s); Junker und Duennhaupt Publishing House

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 3: RG-75.02.03, Anti-Semitic leaflet for First World War German soldiers, German, circa 1920, circa 1920

An Anti-Semitic leaflet created by the Committee on Public Education, most likely an independent Right-wing German agency, circa 1920. The leaflet was created for First World War German soldiers and claims that while the Germans were fighting the war, the Jews in Germany got to stay home and take over the government, making up 80% of the Weimar Republic’s government. The leaflet calls for a Germany for Germans. This leaflet supports the Jewish conspiracy that Jews were the reason for the Germans’ defeat in the war.

Subject/Index Terms:: Anti-Jewish propaganda, German; Germany (1918--1933); Weimar Republic, 1919 -- 1933; Publications, German; Documents in German language; German, language; Narratives in German language; Anti-semitic publication, German; Berlin (Germany); Committee on Public Education, Berlin (circa 1920); Interwar Germany (1919 -- 1939); Antisemitism; Antisemitism in Germany; Antisemitism in interwar Germany; Jewish Conspiracy; Propaganda for First World War German soldiers; Anti-semitic leaflet; Right-wing publications; German Right Wing, 1919 -- 1933; soldiers, German, the First World War

Creators:: Committee on Public Education, Berlin (1919 -- 1933); Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 4: RG-75.02.04, Invitation to anti-Semitic rally of German tobacco businessmen against Jewish merchants, circa 1933, circa 1933

An invitation to a meeting of German tobacconists to discuss the problem of Jewish tobacco merchants having a monopoly on the industry. The meeting is organized by the Nazi Party, particularly the National Socialist Professional Connection and invites members of the German Guild of Tobacconists. The invitation makes a specific point of stating that Jewish merchants will not be admitted. Two Nazi speakers will explain the problem with Jewish merchants. Circa 1933

Subject/Index Terms:: Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s); Germany (1933 -- 1939); Publications, German; Documents in German language; German, language; Narratives in German language; Anti-Semitic publication; Anti-semitic publication, German; Berlin (Germany); Antisemitism; Antisemitism in Germany; Anti-semitic leaflet; National Socialist German Workers' Party; Boycott of Jewish businesses in Nazi Germany; Businesses and enterprises, Germany; Nazi Rally; Nazi anti-Jewish measures, actions and legislations; Nazi Party, membership; Nazi Government of Germany, appeals to German people, 1933 -- 1945; Nationalsozialistische Berufsverbindung (National Socialist Professional Connection); Zunftgruppe der Tabakwarenhaendler (German Guild of tobacconists), circa 1933

Creators:: NSDAP, National Socialist German Workers' Party (1933 -- 1945); Nationalsozialistische Berufsverbindung (National Socialist Professional Connection) (1933 -- 1945); Zunftgruppe der Tabakwarenhaendler (German Guild of Tobacconists), circa 1933; Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 5: RG-75.02.05, German anti-Jewish appeal in the Soviet-occupied territories, circa 1942, circa 1942

A leaflet distributed to the Soviet Red Army from Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front during the Second World War. The leaflet is written in Russian, claiming that the Soviet soldiers do not belong with the Jews and should join the new Europe that Germany is building (without Jews, Bolsheviks, and capitalists). The leaflet includes a cartoon of a strong, working-class Russian family in front of a larger, looming Jew. The leaflet states in both Russian and German that it will serve as a valid pass to surrender and is stamped by the German Wehrmacht.

Subject/Index Terms:: Anti-Jewish propaganda, German; Anti-Jewish propaganda leaflets, Russian language, 1941 -- 1945; Documents in Russian language; Russian, language; Narratives in Russian language; Documents in German language; German, language; Narratives in German language; Eastern Front, the German War against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; German war against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaigns in the Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; German military campaign in the USSR, 1941 -- 1943; Nazi-German military campaign in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; German anti-Jewish appeals in the Soviet-occupied territories; German appeals to Red Army soldiers to surrender, 1941 -- 1945; German appeals to the Red Army soldiers, Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Germany (1939--1945); The USSR (1941--1945); Nazi anti-Jewish propaganda; Nazi anti-Bolshevism; Nazi anti-Bolshevik racial and political propaganda; German Armed Forces, Wehrmacht; Soviet Red Army, armed forces, Soviet; Soldiers, Soviet Red Army; Surrender - passes to the Red Army soldiers, issued by the Germans, 1941 -- 1945; Surrender appeals and leaflets distributed to the Soviet Red Army officers and soldiers; Anti-Jewish and anti-Bolshevik German propaganda materials distributed to Soviet military personnel; Prisoners of war, Soviet; German awareness of the Stalinist NKVD units blocking any retreat of the Soviet military units; Antisemitism; Anti-semitic cartoon, German; antisemitic caricatures; Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Government of Nazi Germany (1933-1945)

Creators:: Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front (1941 -- 1945); Government of Nazi Germany (1933--1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 6: RG-75.02.06, German appeal to the Red Army soldiers against Jewish political commissars, 1941, 1941

A leaflet distributed to the Soviet Red Army from Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front during the Second World War. The leaflet is written in Russian, asserting that the Jewish political commissars treat the Soviet soldiers badly and deserve physical harm. Soviet soldiers were not allowed to retreat, so in the first cartoon, there is a Jewish political commissar shooting any Soviet soldier retreating, while in the second cartoon, the commissar is beaten while the Soviet soldiers that surrender are received peacefully. The leaflet states in both Russian and German that the leaflet will serve as a valid pass to surrender and is stamped by the German Wehrmacht.

Subject/Index Terms:: Anti-Jewish propaganda, German; Anti-Jewish propaganda leaflets, Russian language, 1941 -- 1945; Documents in Russian language; Russian, language; Narratives in Russian language; Documents in German language; German, language; Narratives in German language; Eastern Front, the German War against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; German war against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaigns in the Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaign in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; German military campaign in the USSR, 1941 -- 1943; German anti-Jewish appeals in the Soviet-occupied territories; German appeals to Red Army soldiers to surrender, 1941 -- 1945; German appeals to the Red Army soldiers, Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Germany (1939--1945); The USSR (1941--1945); Nazi anti-Jewish propaganda; German Armed Forces, Wehrmacht; Soviet Red Army, armed forces, Soviet; Soldiers, Soviet Red Army; Surrender - passes to the Red Army soldiers, issued by the Germans, 1941 -- 1945; Surrender appeals and leaflets distributed to the Soviet Red Army officers and soldiers; Anti-Jewish and anti-Bolshevik German propaganda materials distributed to Soviet military personnel; Prisoners of war, Soviet; German awareness of the Stalinist NKVD units blocking any retreat of the Soviet military units; Antisemitism; Anti-semitic cartoon, German; antisemitic caricatures; Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Government of Nazi Germany (1933-1945); Jewish political commissars; Jewish Conspiracy; Soviet political commissars, caricatures; Judeo-Bolshevism in Nazi-German propaganda; conception of German propaganda, to fight Judeo-Bolshevism for a free Europe; Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s)

Creators:: Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front (1941 -- 1945); Government of Nazi Germany (1933--1945); Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 7: RG-75.02.07, Ukrainian anti-Jewish appeal to Ukrainian population in the German-occupied territories, circa 1942, circa 1942

Subject/Index Terms:: Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s); Documents in Ukrainian language; Ukrainian, language; Narratives in Ukrainian language; The USSR (1941--1945); Soviet Red Army, armed forces, Soviet; Soldiers, Soviet Red Army; Antisemitism; anti-semitic cartoon, Ukrainian; antisemitic caricatures; Jewish Conspiracy; Soviet political commissars, caricatures; Judeo-Bolshevism in Nazi-German propaganda; conception of German propaganda, to fight Judeo-Bolshevism for a free Europe; Anti-Jewish propaganda leaflets, Ukrainian language, 1939 -- 1945; anti-Jewish propaganda, Ukrainian; Antisemitism in the German-occupied and controlled territories, 1939 -- 1945; Collaboration in antisemitic propaganda in the German-controlled and occupied territories; Collaborationist, anti-Jewish narratives, 1939 -- 1945; Ukrainian collaborationist anti-Jewish appeal and caricatures, 1939 -- 1945; Ukrainian collaborationist ideology in relation to Nazi Germany, 1941 -- 1945; German-occupied Ukraine; German occupation of Ukraine, 1941 -- 1944; German Occupied and Controlled Territories; German war against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; Germany (1939--1945); Ukraine (Europe); Anti-Judeo-Bolshevism, caricatures, Ukrainian, 1941 -- 1945

Creators:: Collaborationist propaganda services rendering anti-Jewish, anti-Communist, anti-Stalin materials (1939 -- 1945); Ukrainian civil authorities (1941 -- 1945); Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 8: RG-75.02.08, German-issued surrender pass to the Red Army soldiers, circa 1943, circa 1943

A leaflet with cartoon distributed to the Soviet Red Army by Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front during the Second World War. These leaflets would be distributed to Soviet soldiers to give them the impression that Jews were destroying their homeland and were gathering wealth and power while Soviet soldiers risked their lives. Germany was also aware that Soviet soldiers were not allowed to retreat, so the Germans hoped that offering them this surrender pass would be an attractive offer.

Subject/Index Terms:: Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s); Anti-Jewish propaganda, German; Anti-Jewish propaganda leaflets, Russian language, 1941 -- 1945; Documents in Russian language; Russian, language; Narratives in Russian language; Eastern Front, the German War against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; German war against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaigns in the Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaign in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; German military campaign in the USSR, 1941 -- 1943; German anti-Jewish appeals in the Soviet-occupied territories; German appeals to Red Army soldiers to surrender, 1941 -- 1945; German appeals to the Red Army soldiers, Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Germany (1939--1945); The USSR (1941--1945); Nazi anti-Jewish propaganda; German Armed Forces, Wehrmacht; Soviet Red Army, armed forces, Soviet; Soldiers, Soviet Red Army; Surrender - passes to the Red Army soldiers, issued by the Germans, 1941 -- 1945; Surrender appeals and leaflets distributed to the Soviet Red Army officers and soldiers; Anti-Jewish and anti-Bolshevik German propaganda materials distributed to Soviet military personnel; Prisoners of war, Soviet; German awareness of the Stalinist NKVD units blocking any retreat of the Soviet military units; Antisemitism; Anti-semitic cartoon, German; antisemitic caricatures; Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Government of Nazi Germany (1933-1945); Jewish Conspiracy; conception of German propaganda, to fight Judeo-Bolshevism for a free Europe; Judeo-Bolshevism in Nazi-German propaganda

Creators:: Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front (1941 -- 1945); Government of Nazi Germany (1933--1945); Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 9: RG-75.02.09, German anti-Jewish appeal to the Red Army, circa 1942, circa 1942

A leaflet distributed to the Soviet Red Army by Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front during the Second World War. These leaflets would be distributed to Soviet soldiers to give them the impression that Jews were destroying their homeland and were gathering wealth and power while Soviet soldiers risked their lives. German propagandists pushed the idea of Judeo-Bolshevism, that Jews were at the origin of the Revolution in Russia and had control of the government. This conspiracy might convince Soviets that their fight was not with the Germans, but rather at home with the Jews. The cartoon featured on the leaflet shows Jews conducting business and sitting on bags of money, while a dignified Soviet soldier is wounded in battle.

Subject/Index Terms:: Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s); Anti-Jewish propaganda, German; Anti-Jewish propaganda leaflets, Russian language, 1941 -- 1945; Documents in Russian language; Russian, language; Narratives in Russian language; Eastern Front, the German War against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; German war against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaigns in the Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaign in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; German military campaign in the USSR, 1941 -- 1943; German anti-Jewish appeals in the Soviet-occupied territories; German appeals to the Red Army soldiers, Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Germany (1939--1945); The USSR (1941--1945); Nazi anti-Jewish propaganda; German Armed Forces, Wehrmacht; Soviet Red Army, armed forces, Soviet; Soldiers, Soviet Red Army; Anti-Jewish and anti-Bolshevik German propaganda materials distributed to Soviet military personnel; Antisemitism; Anti-semitic cartoon, German; antisemitic caricatures; Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Government of Nazi Germany (1933-1945); Jewish Conspiracy; Judeo-Bolshevism in Nazi-German propaganda; conception of German propaganda, to fight Judeo-Bolshevism for a free Europe

Creators:: Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front (1941 -- 1945); Government of Nazi Germany (1933--1945); Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 10: RG-75.02.10, Letter from Kiev military district suggesting discharge of Soviet officer for antisemitism, c. 1941, circa 1941

A letter from the head of the 2^nd branch of the 6^th division of the Kiev military district of the Soviet Red Army asserting that an officer should be discharged from the Red Army and the Communist Party because of the officer in question’s anti-Semitism. This document is most likely from 1941 (when the USSR joined the Allied forces) or later because it would be in the same interest as the Allied forces to punish anti-Semites (those possessing a key value of Nazi Germans).

Subject/Index Terms:: Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s); Documents in Russian language; Russian, language; Narratives in Russian language; Soviet Red Army, armed forces, Soviet; Soldiers, Soviet Red Army; Kiev (Ukraine: 1940-1945); Ukraine (Europe); Soviet-occupied territories, 1941 -- 1945; The USSR (1941--1945); Communist Party of the USSR; Antisemitism; Correspondence in Russian language; Military correspondence; Antisemitism in the USSR; Antisemitism in Soviet Red Army; Kiev Military District; Allied forces

Creators:: Staff of Kiev Military District; Soviet authorities (1939 -- 1945); Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 11: RG-75.02.11, German anti-Soviet and anti-Jewish leaflet, circa 1942, circa 1942

A leaflet distributed to the Soviet Red Army by Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front during the Second World War. These leaflets would be distributed to Soviet soldiers to give them the impression that Jews were destroying their homeland by offering local news in the USSR. It mentions anti-Semitic protests got over 300 Soviet citizens arrested. German propagandists pushed the idea of Judeo-Bolshevism, that Jews were at the origin of the Revolution in Russia and had control of the government. This conspiracy might convince Soviets that their fight was not with the Germans, but rather at home with the Jews.

The leaflet also asserts that Stalin and his police force are brutes, citing examples of drunkenness in church and accidental and unnecessary violence. The cartoon featured on the leaflet has a heading that reads “On the Other Side” showing a Jew safe behind government walls while the Soviet soldiers are on the other side of the wall being killed in battle.

Subject/Index Terms:: Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s); Anti-Jewish propaganda, German; Anti-Soviet propaganda, German; anti-Stalin propaganda, German; Anti-Jewish propaganda leaflets, Russian language, 1941 -- 1945; Documents in Russian language; Russian, language; Narratives in Russian language; Eastern Front, the German War against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; German war against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaigns in the Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaign in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; German military campaign in the USSR, 1941 -- 1943; German anti-Jewish appeals in the Soviet-occupied territories; German appeals to the Red Army soldiers, Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Germany (1939--1945); The USSR (1941--1945); Nazi anti-Jewish propaganda; Soldiers, Soviet Red Army; Soviet Red Army, armed forces, Soviet; Anti-Jewish and anti-Bolshevik German propaganda materials distributed to Soviet military personnel; Antisemitism; Anti-semitic cartoon, German; antisemitic caricatures; Antisemitism in the German-occupied and controlled territories, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Government of Nazi Germany (1933-1945); Jewish Conspiracy; Judeo-Bolshevism in Nazi-German propaganda; conception of German propaganda, to fight Judeo-Bolshevism for a free Europe; German anti-Soviet appeals in the Soviet-occupied territories; German anti-Stalinist appeals in the Soviet-occupied territories; Collaboration in antisemitic propaganda in the German-controlled and occupied territories; Collaborationist, anti-Jewish narratives, 1939 -- 1945; Anti-Soviet propaganda, collaborationist

Creators:: Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front (1941 -- 1945); Government of Nazi Germany (1933--1945); Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 12: RG-75.02.12, Russian anti-Stalinist and anti-Soviet narrative, circa 1942, circa 1942

A Russian narrative drawing political parallels between Joseph Stalin and Boris Godunov by even explicitly mentioning Pushkin’s famous play about the latter of the two. Boris Godunov was the tsar of Russia from 1598 to 1605 whose reign ended in troubled times for Russia. This leaflet makes the case that Stalin’s rise to power also led to a time of trouble in Russia, with mass murders and civil unrest. The narrative reminds us of the rumor of Godunov’s suspected murder the son of Tsar Ivan IV Vasilyevich, or Ivan the Terrible, in order to become the de facto tsar of Russia. Similarly, in this narrative, it is mentioned that Stalin killed many of his colleagues and allies such as Lenin and Trotsky. The style of writing here alludes to the play, as Stalin bemoans his guilty conscience, just as Godunov does.

This narrative was most likely created by Russians who did not support the Soviet regime, as opposed to Soviets collaborating with Germany. The references to Russian culture and the Byzantine style of Russian history suggest this is the work of anti-Stalinist Russians.

Subject/Index Terms:: Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s); Boris Godunov, Tsar of Russian Empire, 1598 -- 1605; Alexander Pushkin, Russian playwright, authored "Boris Godunov" in 1825; Ivan IV Vasilyevich, Ivan the Terrible, Tsar of Russian Empire 1547 -- 1584; Repressions and persecutions in the USSR under the Stalinist regime; Stalin's dictatorship in the USSR; Joseph Stalin, General Secretary of the Party and Prime Minister of the USSR, 1879 -- 1953; anti-Stalin propaganda; Byzantine style of Russian history in anti Stalinist narrative, 1941 -- 1945; Political parallels between Stalin, Godunov, and other imperial dictators of Russia; Parallel literary styles in classic Russian works and anti-Stalinist propaganda, 1941 -- 1945; Documents in Russian language; Russian, language; Narratives in Russian language; The USSR (1941--1945); anti-Soviet propaganda, Russian; anti-Communist propaganda, Russian; anti-Stalin cartoon, Russian; Stalin caricature, Russian; anti-Soviet cartoon, Russian

Creators:: V. Elchaninov, anti-Stalinist and anti-Soviet propagandist (circa 1942); Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 13: RG-75.02.13, Ukrainian collaborationist anti-Jewish narrative, circa 1942, circa 1942

A leaflet distributed to the Soviet Red Army from Ukrainian civil authorities who are collaborators with Nazi Germany. These leaflets would be distributed to Soviet soldiers to give them the impression that Jews were destroying their homeland and were fighting against the new “free Europe”, a Nazi conception of a German empire free of Jews, Bolsheviks, and capitalists. The leaflet is entitled “War and the Jews” and explains that while the Soviets fight the Jews not only stay safe, but also are free to run the government behind the scenes. The caricature featured bolsters this argument as a Jew drives the Communist cart filled with money with his whip made of Stars of David. This leaflet is most likely created solely by Ukrainian collaborators as the document is completely in Ukrainian and does not call the Soviet soldiers to surrender.

Subject/Index Terms:: Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s); Documents in Ukrainian language; Ukrainian, language; Narratives in Ukrainian language; The USSR (1941--1945); Soldiers, Soviet Red Army; Soviet Red Army, armed forces, Soviet; Antisemitism; anti-semitic cartoon, Ukrainian; antisemitic caricatures; Jewish Conspiracy; Anti-Judeo-Bolshevism, caricatures, Ukrainian, 1941 -- 1945; Anti-Jewish propaganda leaflets, Ukrainian language, 1939 -- 1945; anti-Jewish propaganda, Ukrainian; Antisemitism in the German-occupied and controlled territories, 1939 -- 1945; Collaboration in antisemitic propaganda in the German-controlled and occupied territories; Collaborationist, anti-Jewish narratives, 1939 -- 1945; Ukrainian collaborationist anti-Jewish appeal and caricatures, 1939 -- 1945; Ukrainian collaborationist ideology in relation to Nazi Germany, 1941 -- 1945; German-occupied Ukraine; German occupation of Ukraine, 1941 -- 1944; German Occupied and Controlled Territories; German war against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; Ukraine (Europe)

Creators:: Collaborationist propaganda services rendering anti-Jewish, anti-Communist, anti-Stalin materials (1939 -- 1945); Ukrainian civil authorities (1941 -- 1945); Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 14: RG-75.02.14, Ukrainian collaborationist anti-Semitic narrative, circa 1942, circa 1942

A leaflet distributed to the Soviet Red Army from Ukrainian civil authorities who are collaborators with Nazi Germany. These leaflets would be distributed to Soviet soldiers to give them the impression that Jews were destroying their homeland and were fighting against the new “free Europe”, a Nazi conception of a German empire free of Jews, Bolsheviks, and capitalists. The leaflet is entitled “The Shameless Race without Mercy: Jews in the Soviet Union” and explains that while the Soviets fight the Jews not only stay safe, but also are free to mercilessly run the government into the ground. It cites specific Jewish leaders that Stalin has aligned himself with, only to the detriment of the Soviet Union. The caricature featured bolsters this argument as a Jew, an Englishman (entitled “plutocrat”), and a Bolshevik are three branches of one tree on top of countless skulls. The Allied forces are seen as responsible for the merciless deaths of thousands, with the Jews as the central branch responsible for the killing.

Subject/Index Terms:: Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s); Documents in Ukrainian language; Ukrainian, language; Narratives in Ukrainian language; The USSR (1941--1945); Soldiers, Soviet Red Army; Soviet Red Army, armed forces, Soviet; Antisemitism; anti-semitic cartoon, Ukrainian; antisemitic caricatures; Jewish Conspiracy; Anti-Judeo-Bolshevism, caricatures, Ukrainian, 1941 -- 1945; conception of German propaganda, to fight Judeo-Bolshevism for a free Europe; Judeo-Bolshevism in Nazi-German propaganda; Anti-Jewish propaganda leaflets, Ukrainian language, 1939 -- 1945; anti-Jewish propaganda, Ukrainian; Antisemitism in the German-occupied and controlled territories, 1939 -- 1945; Collaboration in antisemitic propaganda in the German-controlled and occupied territories; Collaborationist, anti-Jewish narratives, 1939 -- 1945; Ukrainian collaborationist anti-Jewish appeal and caricatures, 1939 -- 1945; Ukrainian collaborationist ideology in relation to Nazi Germany, 1941 -- 1945; German-occupied Ukraine; German occupation of Ukraine, 1941 -- 1944; German Occupied and Controlled Territories; German war against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; Eastern Front, the German War against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaigns in the Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaign in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; German military campaign in the USSR, 1941 -- 1943; Germany (1939--1945); Great Britain (1939--1945); Ukraine (Europe); government of Great Britain deemed a plutocracy; anti-British caricatures; anti-Communist propaganda, Ukrainian; German anti-Stalinist appeals in the Soviet-occupied territories; anti-Stalin propaganda, Ukrainian; Nazi anti-Bolshevism, Ukraine; anti-Bolshevik propaganda; Nazi anti-Bolshevik racial and political propaganda; Anti-Communist propaganda, German; Anti-Stalin propaganda, Nazi; Anti-British propaganda, Nazi; Allied forces; Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945

Creators:: Collaborationist propaganda services rendering anti-Jewish, anti-Communist, anti-Stalin materials (1939 -- 1945); Ukrainian civil authorities (1941 -- 1945); Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front (1941 -- 1945); Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 15: RG-75.02.15, Russian collaborationist anti-Jewish narrative, circa 1941, circa 1941

A leaflet distributed to the Soviet Red Army from Nazi-German propaganda services and/or Russian collaborators in the Eastern Front during the Second World War. The leaflet is written in Russian, offering a story from an experienced Soviet soldier and the wise words of his grandfather. His grandfather explained that Russia was strong and powerful. Germans and Russians got along for centuries, until Jews gained power in the government. While Soviet soldiers fight today, Jews remain in the back, unharmed. The Jews have ruined the government and relations with Germany. Included is a cartoon of the Soviet soldier and his honorable Russian grandfather. Here, Germans are blaming Jews in order to make them the scapegoat of the war.

Subject/Index Terms:: Anti-Jewish propaganda leaflets, Russian language, 1941 -- 1945; Documents in Russian language; Russian, language; Narratives in Russian language; Eastern Front, the German War against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; German war against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaigns in the Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaign in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; German military campaign in the USSR, 1941 -- 1943; German anti-Jewish appeals in the Soviet-occupied territories; German appeals to the Red Army soldiers, Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Germany (1939--1945); The USSR (1941--1945); Nazi anti-Jewish propaganda; German Armed Forces, Wehrmacht; Soldiers, Soviet Red Army; Soviet Red Army, armed forces, Soviet; Anti-Jewish and anti-Bolshevik German propaganda materials distributed to Soviet military personnel; Antisemitism; Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Government of Nazi Germany (1933-1945); Jewish Conspiracy; Judeo-Bolshevism in Nazi-German propaganda; conception of German propaganda, to fight Judeo-Bolshevism for a free Europe; Collaboration in antisemitic propaganda in the German-controlled and occupied territories; Collaborationist, anti-Jewish narratives, 1939 -- 1945; Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s); Russian collaborationist anti-Jewish appeal and caricatures, 1941 -- 1945

Creators:: Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front (1941 -- 1945); Collaborationist propaganda services rendering anti-Jewish, anti-Communist, anti-Stalin materials (1939 -- 1945); Government of Nazi Germany (1933--1945); Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 16: RG-75.02.16, German anti-Semitic propaganda against visiting Jewish shops, circa 1933, circa 1933

A German leaflet urging German citizens to stop shopping at Jewish-owned stores and took look for the “German” sign. The push for the boycott of Jewish stores began at the start of 1933, the same time the Nazi party came to power in Germany, although this placard was probably released before the official Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses, enforced in April 1933. The leaflet also includes a cartoon of a shop with a Jewish name with a large black hand in front asking you to “Halt!”

Subject/Index Terms:: Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s); Anti-Jewish propaganda, German; anti-Jewish publications; Anti-Jewish signs; Anti-Jewish text, German; Nazi anti-Jewish propaganda; Anti-Jewish propaganda, Nazi; Nazi Anti-Semitic Propaganda; Antisemitism; Antisemitism in Germany; Antisemitism in interwar Germany; Anti-semitic cartoon, German; Anti-semitic leaflet; Anti-semitic poster, German; Anti-Semitic publication; Anti-semitic publication, German; Anti-Semitic text, German; Aryanization, alienation of Jewish-owned businesses, 1933 -- 1945; Nazi propaganda against Jewish owned businesses, circa 1933; Documents in German language; German, language; Narratives in German language; Germany (1933 -- 1939); Government of Nazi Germany (1933-1945); Limitations on Jewish economic activity in Nazi Germany; Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, Nazi Germany, 1933-1945

Creators:: Nazi-German Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda (RMVP) (March 1933-May 1945); Government of Nazi Germany (1933--1945); Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 17: RG-75.02.17, German surrender pass in Russian with anti-Jewish narrative, circa 1942, circa 1942

A leaflet distributed to the Soviet Red Army from Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front during the Second World War. The leaflet is written in Russian, asserting that the Jews are the cause of all the suffering in the Soviet Union. It asserts that while Soviet soldiers risk their lives, Jews stay safe behind the front lines and fill their pockets with money. The only way to end the war is to banish every last Jew out of the USSR. This leaflet goes so far as to compare Jews to rats, with an illustration of a rat in front of a Star of David. By making Jews the scapegoat, it encourages Soviet soldiers to defect or surrender to the Germans. This leaflet also serves as a valid surrender pass. The Germans were aware that Soviet soldiers were not allowed to retreat, so giving them the chance to live by surrendering might be a more attractive offer.

Subject/Index Terms:: anti-Jewish publications; Nazi anti-Jewish propaganda; Nazi Anti-Semitic Propaganda; Antisemitism; Anti-semitic leaflet; Anti-Semitic publication; Primitivism, barbarism and vulgarity of Nazi antisemitic publications, 1933 -- 1945; Antisemitic publication, Russian; Antisemitic publication, Nazi; antisemitic text, Russian; Anti-Jewish propaganda, Nazi; Anti-Jewish propaganda leaflets, Russian language, 1941 -- 1945; Documents in Russian language; Russian, language; Narratives in Russian language; Documents in German language; German, language; Narratives in German language; Eastern Front, the German War against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; German war against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaigns in the Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; German military campaign in the USSR, 1941 -- 1943; Nazi-German military campaign in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; German anti-Jewish appeals in the Soviet-occupied territories; German appeals to Red Army soldiers to surrender, 1941 -- 1945; German appeals to the Red Army soldiers, Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Germany (1939--1945); The USSR (1941--1945); German Armed Forces, Wehrmacht; Soldiers, Soviet Red Army; Soviet Red Army, armed forces, Soviet; Surrender - passes to the Red Army soldiers, issued by the Germans, 1941 -- 1945; Surrender appeals and leaflets distributed to the Soviet Red Army officers and soldiers; Anti-Jewish and anti-Bolshevik German propaganda materials distributed to Soviet military personnel; German awareness of the Stalinist NKVD units blocking any retreat of the Soviet military units; Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Government of Nazi Germany (1933-1945); Jewish Conspiracy; conception of German propaganda, to fight Judeo-Bolshevism for a free Europe; Judeo-Bolshevism in Nazi-German propaganda; Russian collaborationist anti-Jewish appeal and caricatures, 1941 -- 1945; Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s); Anti-semitic cartoon, Nazi

Creators:: Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front (1941 -- 1945); Government of Nazi Germany (1933--1945); Collaborationist propaganda services rendering anti-Jewish, anti-Communist, anti-Stalin materials (1939 -- 1945); Russian civil authorities (1941 -- 1945); Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 18: RG-75.02.18, Nazi appeal to Ukrainians to join German Labor Service, circa 1942, circa 1942

A leaflet distributed to the Soviet Red Army from Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front with the help of what was most likely Ukrainian collaborators. Although most of the document is written in Russian, the main message is written n Ukrainian, in bold letters. It asks the Ukrainians to work in Germany to help fight the Judeo-Bolshevism that is ruining Germany’s plans for a “free Europe”. The leaflet explains that the Soviet regime is shrouded in lies and mistrust, a regime promoted by Marxist-Jews. By making Jews the scapegoat, it encourages Soviet soldiers to defect or surrender to the Germans. The Germans were aware that Soviet soldiers were not allowed to retreat, so giving them the chance to live by offering them work in Germany might have been a more attractive offer and convince Soviet soldiers to surrender.

Subject/Index Terms:: Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s); anti-Jewish publications; Nazi anti-Jewish propaganda; Nazi Anti-Semitic Propaganda; Antisemitism; Anti-semitic leaflet; Anti-Semitic publication; Antisemitic publication, Russian; Antisemitic publication, Nazi; antisemitic text, Russian; Anti-Jewish propaganda leaflets, Russian language, 1941 -- 1945; Anti-Jewish propaganda leaflets, Ukrainian language, 1939 -- 1945; Documents in Russian language; Russian, language; Narratives in Russian language; Documents in Ukrainian language; Ukrainian, language; Narratives in Ukrainian language; Eastern Front, the German War against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; German war against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaigns in the Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaign in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; German military campaign in the USSR, 1941 -- 1943; German anti-Jewish appeals in the Soviet-occupied territories; German appeals to the Red Army soldiers, Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Germany (1939--1945); The USSR (1941--1945); Ukraine (Europe); Soldiers, Soviet Red Army; Soviet Red Army, armed forces, Soviet; Anti-Jewish and anti-Bolshevik German propaganda materials distributed to Soviet military personnel; German awareness of the Stalinist NKVD units blocking any retreat of the Soviet military units; Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Government of Nazi Germany (1933-1945); Anti-Soviet propaganda, collaborationist; Collaborationist, anti-Jewish narratives, 1939 -- 1945; Ukrainian collaborationist anti-Jewish appeal and caricatures, 1939 -- 1945; Jewish Conspiracy; conception of German propaganda, to fight Judeo-Bolshevism for a free Europe; Judeo-Bolshevism in Nazi-German propaganda; anti-Soviet propaganda, Ukrainian; anti-Stalin propaganda, Ukrainian; Anti-Stalin propaganda, Nazi; Antisemitism in the German-occupied and controlled territories, 1939 -- 1945; Appeals to join German Labor Service and start working in Germany; Appeals to volunteer to German labor service, 1941 -- 1945; Collaboration in antisemitic propaganda in the German-controlled and occupied territories; Deception and propaganda about volunteer labor in Germany, 1941 -- 1945; German anti-Stalinist appeals in the Soviet-occupied territories; German anti-Soviet appeals in the Soviet-occupied territories; German Labor Service propaganda, cartoon

Creators:: Collaborationist propaganda services rendering anti-Jewish, anti-Communist, anti-Stalin materials (1939 -- 1945); Ukrainian civil authorities (1941 -- 1945); Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front (1941 -- 1945); Government of Nazi Germany (1933--1945); Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 19: RG-75.02.19, Surrender pass to the Red Army soldiers of the Volkhov Front, circa 1942, circa 1942

A leaflet distributed to the Soviet Red Army from Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front during the Second World War. The leaflet is a surrender pass written in Russian, targeted towards the Soviet soldiers that formed the Volkhov front, formed to help support the Leningrad Front. It asserts that the Jews are the cause of all the suffering in the Soviet Union, as they ask the soldiers to fight, while they stay out of harm’s way and run the government. By making Jews the scapegoat, it encourages Soviet soldiers to defect or surrender to the Germans. The Germans were aware that Soviet soldiers were not allowed to retreat, so giving them the chance to live by surrendering might have been a more attractive offer than facing their merciless officers.

Subject/Index Terms:: anti-Jewish publications; Nazi anti-Jewish propaganda; Nazi Anti-Semitic Propaganda; Antisemitism; Anti-semitic leaflet; Anti-Semitic publication; Antisemitic publication, Russian; Antisemitic publication, Nazi; antisemitic text, Russian; Anti-Jewish propaganda leaflets, Russian language, 1941 -- 1945; Documents in Russian language; Russian, language; Narratives in Russian language; Documents in German language; German, language; Narratives in German language; Eastern Front, the German War against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; German war against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaigns in the Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaign in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; German military campaign in the USSR, 1941 -- 1943; German anti-Jewish appeals in the Soviet-occupied territories; German appeals to Red Army soldiers to surrender, 1941 -- 1945; German appeals to the Red Army soldiers, Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Germany (1939--1945); The USSR (1941--1945); German Armed Forces, Wehrmacht; Soldiers, Soviet Red Army; Soviet Red Army, armed forces, Soviet; Surrender - passes to the Red Army soldiers, issued by the Germans, 1941 -- 1945; Surrender appeals and leaflets distributed to the Soviet Red Army officers and soldiers; Anti-Jewish and anti-Bolshevik German propaganda materials distributed to Soviet military personnel; German awareness of the Stalinist NKVD units blocking any retreat of the Soviet military units; Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Government of Nazi Germany (1933-1945); Jewish Conspiracy; conception of German propaganda, to fight Judeo-Bolshevism for a free Europe; Judeo-Bolshevism in Nazi-German propaganda; Russian collaborationist anti-Jewish appeal and caricatures, 1941 -- 1945; Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s); Volkhov Front; German Siege of Leningrad (Soviet Union)

Creators:: Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front (1941 -- 1945); Government of Nazi Germany (1933--1945); Collaborationist propaganda services rendering anti-Jewish, anti-Communist, anti-Stalin materials (1939 -- 1945); Russian civil authorities (1941 -- 1945); Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 20: RG-75.02.20, German surrender pass to the Red Army soldiers, circa 1944, circa 1944

A leaflet distributed to the Soviet Red Army from Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front during the Second World War. The leaflet is a surrender pass written in Russian, targeted towards the Soviet soldiers. The Germans were aware that Soviet soldiers were not allowed to retreat, so giving them the chance to live by surrendering might have been a more attractive offer than facing their merciless officers. The leaflet describes the Soviet regime as oppressive. It goes so far as to say that Germany can give Russia its freedom back. Included on the back of the pass is a photograph of Soviet prisoners of war with their families looking happy and healthy.

This leaflet is most likely from the tail end of the fighting in the USSR, as the Germans wanted to get closer to the Allies and thus dropped all anti-Semitic and anti-Bolshevik attitudes in their propoganda.

Subject/Index Terms:: Documents in Russian language; Russian, language; Narratives in Russian language; Eastern Front, the German War against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; German war against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaigns in the Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaign in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; German military campaign in the USSR, 1941 -- 1943; German appeals to Red Army soldiers to surrender, 1941 -- 1945; German appeals to the Red Army soldiers, Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Germany (1939--1945); The USSR (1941--1945); Soldiers, Soviet Red Army; Soviet Red Army, armed forces, Soviet; Surrender - passes to the Red Army soldiers, issued by the Germans, 1941 -- 1945; Surrender appeals and leaflets distributed to the Soviet Red Army officers and soldiers; Anti-Jewish and anti-Bolshevik German propaganda materials distributed to Soviet military personnel; German awareness of the Stalinist NKVD units blocking any retreat of the Soviet military units; Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Government of Nazi Germany (1933-1945); Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s); Anti-Soviet propaganda, collaborationist; Anti-Soviet propaganda, German; anti-Stalin propaganda, German; Anti-Stalin propaganda, Nazi; German anti-Soviet appeals in the Soviet-occupied territories; German anti-Stalinist appeals in the Soviet-occupied territories; Photographs, prisoners of war; Prisoners of War; Prisoners of war, Soviet; Soviet prisoners of war, 1941 -- 1945, photo-documents

Creators:: Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front (1941 -- 1945); Government of Nazi Germany (1933--1945); Collaborationist propaganda services rendering anti-Jewish, anti-Communist, anti-Stalin materials (1939 -- 1945); Russian civil authorities (1941 -- 1945); Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 21: RG-75.02.21, German surrender pass and appeal to join the Russian Liberation Army, circa 1943, circa 1943

A leaflet distributed to the Soviet Red Army from Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front during the Second World War. The leaflet is a surrender pass written in Russian, targeted towards the Soviet soldiers that formed the Volkhov Front, formed to help support the Leningrad Front. It asserts that the Jews are the cause of all the suffering in the Soviet Union, as they ask the soldiers to fight, while they stay out of harm’s way and run the government. By making Jews the scapegoat, it encourages Soviet soldiers to defect or surrender to the Germans. The Germans were aware that Soviet soldiers were not allowed to retreat, so giving them the chance to live by surrendering might have been a more attractive offer than facing their merciless officers.

Not only does the leaflet suggest that the Soviet soldiers surrender, but that they join the Russian Liberation Army, Russian forces under the command of the Nazi Wehrmacht. It was to be led by Red Army general Andrey Vlasov and meant to unite anti-communist and anti-Bolshevik Russians. However, because Hitler did not trust the Soviet prisoners of war, the Russian Liberation Army was simply a piece of propaganda starting in 1942 and did not actually exist until 1944 when Germany was desperate for the labor.

Subject/Index Terms:: anti-Jewish publications; Nazi anti-Jewish propaganda; Nazi Anti-Semitic Propaganda; Antisemitism; Anti-semitic leaflet; Anti-Semitic publication; Antisemitic publication, Russian; Antisemitic publication, Nazi; antisemitic text, Russian; Anti-Jewish propaganda leaflets, Russian language, 1941 -- 1945; Documents in Russian language; Russian, language; Narratives in Russian language; Documents in German language; German, language; Narratives in German language; Eastern Front, the German War against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; German war against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaigns in the Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaign in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; German military campaign in the USSR, 1941 -- 1943; German anti-Jewish appeals in the Soviet-occupied territories; German appeals to Red Army soldiers to surrender, 1941 -- 1945; German appeals to the Red Army soldiers, Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Germany (1939--1945); The USSR (1941--1945); German Armed Forces, Wehrmacht; Soldiers, Soviet Red Army; Soviet Red Army, armed forces, Soviet; Surrender - passes to the Red Army soldiers, issued by the Germans, 1941 -- 1945; Surrender appeals and leaflets distributed to the Soviet Red Army officers and soldiers; Anti-Jewish and anti-Bolshevik German propaganda materials distributed to Soviet military personnel; German awareness of the Stalinist NKVD units blocking any retreat of the Soviet military units; Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Government of Nazi Germany (1933-1945); Jewish Conspiracy; conception of German propaganda, to fight Judeo-Bolshevism for a free Europe; Judeo-Bolshevism in Nazi-German propaganda; Russian collaborationist anti-Jewish appeal and caricatures, 1941 -- 1945; Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s); Volkhov Front; German Siege of Leningrad (Soviet Union); Andrey Vlasov, Russian Red Army general and Nazi collaborator, 1901 -- 1946; Nazi war propaganda; Russian Liberation Army, 1942 -- 1945; Prisoners of War; Prisoners of war, Soviet

Creators:: Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front (1941 -- 1945); Government of Nazi Germany (1933--1945); Collaborationist propaganda services rendering anti-Jewish, anti-Communist, anti-Stalin materials (1939 -- 1945); Russian civil authorities (1941 -- 1945); Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 22: RG-75.02.22, German appeal to the Soviet population to join German Labor Service, circa 1944, circa 1944

A leaflet distributed to the Soviet Red Army from Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front with the help of Russian collaborators. It asks the Soviet soldiers to take refuge from the horrors of war by joining the Germans. Stalin has caused the soldiers to suffer and the Germans can help the Soviets help themselves by giving them work. This leaflet portrays Stalin as a cruel fool, while Hitler is strong, wise, and just. The Germans were aware that Soviet soldiers were not allowed to retreat, so giving them the chance to live by offering them work in Germany might have been a more attractive offer and convince Soviet soldiers to surrender.

This document is most likely from the tail end of the fighting in the Eastern Front, as there is no anti-Semitic content in this leaflet. In order to get closer to the Allies, the Germans needed to drop the anti-Semitic message and treat the Soviet people as a whole. The Germans were willing to make this sacrifice because at this point in the war they needed the Russian manpower in the German labor force.

Also attached is a list of National Socialist propaganda literature written in German.

Subject/Index Terms:: Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s); Documents in Russian language; Russian, language; Narratives in Russian language; Documents in German language; German, language; Eastern Front, the German War against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; German war against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaigns in the Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; German military campaign in the USSR, 1941 -- 1943; Nazi-German military campaign in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; German appeals to the Red Army soldiers, Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Germany (1939--1945); The USSR (1941--1945); Soldiers, Soviet Red Army; Soviet Red Army, armed forces, Soviet; German awareness of the Stalinist NKVD units blocking any retreat of the Soviet military units; Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Government of Nazi Germany (1933-1945); Anti-Soviet propaganda, Nazi; anti-Soviet propaganda, Russian; Anti-Soviet propaganda, collaborationist; Anti-Stalin propaganda, Nazi; Anti-Stalin propaganda, Russian; Appeals to join German Labor Service and start working in Germany; Appeals to volunteer to German labor service, 1941 -- 1945; Deception and propaganda about volunteer labor in Germany, 1941 -- 1945; German anti-Stalinist appeals in the Soviet-occupied territories; German Labor Service propaganda, cartoon; Adolf Hitler, dictator and German Chancellor and President; Joseph Stalin, General Secretary of the Party and Prime Minister of the USSR, 1879 -- 1953; Nazi-German literature; Nazi war propaganda

Creators:: Collaborationist propaganda services rendering anti-Jewish, anti-Communist, anti-Stalin materials (1939 -- 1945); Russian civil authorities (1941 -- 1945); Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front (1941 -- 1945); Government of Nazi Germany (1933--1945); Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 23: RG-75.02.23, Russian collaborationist anti-Soviet and anti-Jewish propaganda leaflet, circa 1942, circa 1942

A leaflet distributed to the Soviet Red Army from Nazi-German propaganda services and/or Russian collaborators in the Eastern Front during the Second World War. The leaflet is written in Russian, asserting that the Jews gained power in the government and while Soviet soldiers fight today, Jews remain in the back, unharmed. The Jews have ruined the government and relations with Germany. It claims that Germany wants no war, communism, or Bolshevism. It asks the Soviet soldiers to defect to the German army and fight the Jews in power to regain control of their homeland. Included is a cartoon of a Jewish political commissar being kicked by presumably a Soviet soldier.

Subject/Index Terms:: Anti-Jewish propaganda leaflets, Russian language, 1941 -- 1945; Documents in Russian language; Russian, language; Narratives in Russian language; Eastern Front, the German War against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; German war against the USSR, 1941 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaigns in the Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German military campaign in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; German military campaign in the USSR, 1941 -- 1943; German anti-Jewish appeals in the Soviet-occupied territories; German appeals to the Red Army soldiers, Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Germany (1939--1945); The USSR (1941--1945); Nazi anti-Jewish propaganda; Soldiers, Soviet Red Army; Soviet Red Army, armed forces, Soviet; Anti-Jewish and anti-Bolshevik German propaganda materials distributed to Soviet military personnel; Antisemitism; Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front, 1941 -- 1945; Government of Nazi Germany (1933-1945); Jewish Conspiracy; Judeo-Bolshevism in Nazi-German propaganda; conception of German propaganda, to fight Judeo-Bolshevism for a free Europe; Anti-Soviet propaganda, collaborationist; Collaboration in antisemitic propaganda in the German-controlled and occupied territories; Collaborationist, anti-Jewish narratives, 1939 -- 1945; Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s); Russian collaborationist anti-Jewish appeal and caricatures, 1941 -- 1945; Anti-Soviet propaganda, Nazi; anti-Soviet propaganda, Russian; Anti-Stalin propaganda, Russian; Anti-Stalin propaganda, Nazi; Jewish political commissars; Anti-Semitic caricatures; Anti-semitic cartoon, Nazi

Creators:: Nazi-German propaganda services in the Eastern Front (1941 -- 1945); Collaborationist propaganda services rendering anti-Jewish, anti-Communist, anti-Stalin materials (1939 -- 1945); Government of Nazi Germany (1933--1945); Russian civil authorities (1941 -- 1945); Herbert and Nancy Bernhard Papers (1900 -- 1970s)