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Warsaw Ghetto and Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

Overview

Abstract

Scope and Contents

Biographical Note

Administrative Information

Detailed Description

RG -25.01, Warsaw Ghetto, photodocuments

RG -25.02, Warsaw Ghetto, forced stripping photographs

RG-25.03, Warsaw Ghetto, Photographs of the Street-Scenes, 1940 -- 1943

RG-25.04, Documents Issued by German Authorities and Jewish Council of the Warsaw Ghetto, 1940 -- 1943

RG-25.05, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, April -- May 1943

RG-25.06, Warsaw ghetto, secondary photographs and documents

RG-25.07, Warsaw Ghetto, Wladyslaw Wójcik Collection



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Collection Overview

Title: Warsaw Ghetto and Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1939-1978Add to your cart.View associated digital content.

Predominant Dates:1940-1944

ID: RG-25/RG-25

Primary Creator: Czerniaków, Adam (1880-1942)

Other Creators: Wójcik, Władysław

Extent: 0.0

Arrangement:

The arrangement scheme for the record group was imposed during processing in the absence of an original order. Materials are arranged by subject, then by identifier, as assigned by the processor.

Record group is comprised of seven collections and three items, the collections of which are: 1. Collection of Warsaw ghetto street scene photographs; 2. Collection on Warsaw Ghetto Uprising; 3. Collection of exhibit-building photographs; 4. Collection of Warsaw ghetto documents issued by the German authorities and Jewish ghetto administration; 5. Władysław Wójcik collection; 6.Collection of photographs on forced stripping in the Warsaw ghetto; 7. Collection on Adam Czerniakow.

Subjects: Adam Czerniakow, Chairman of the Jewish Council of Warsaw, 1939-1942, Aftermath of Warsaw ghetto uprising, Black Market in the Warsaw Ghetto, 1940 --1943, Books in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943, Business in the Warsaw ghetto, Children in the Warsaw Ghetto, Collaboration between the members of Jewish councils and German administration, Collaboration in ghettos, collaboration in the Holocaust, Collaboration in the Warsaw Ghetto, 1940 --1943, Commemoration of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Connections between the Jewish Combat Organization and Polish Governmetn in Exile, 1942 -- 1945, Correspondence between Wladyslaw Wojcik and Jewish Organizations in the United States and Israel, Corruption in the Warsaw ghetto, 1939 -- 1943, day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto, Demolition of the Warsaw Ghetto, May 1943, Deportation from Warsaw Ghetto to Treblinka death camp, July 1942, Deportations from the Warsaw Ghetto, 1942 -- 1943, Destruction of the Warsaw ghetto, post-uprising, Diary of Adam Czerniakow, the chairman of the Jewish Council of Warsaw, Education in the Warsaw ghetto, Emanuel Ringelblum, Emanuel Ringelblum Archive, Warsaw Ghetto, Entertainment in the Warsaw ghetto, Female nudity, Warsaw Ghetto, Final Aktion (action) in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 16 May 1943, Food distribution in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943, Food rations in the Warsaw Ghetto, German military operation against Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, German rules and orders regarding the Warsaw Ghetto, Hunger in the Warsaw Ghetto, intellectual life in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943, Jewish Combat Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa), Jewish Combat Organziation (ZOB), members, Jewish Order Police in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943, Jewish prisoners of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943, Jurgen (Juergen) Stroop, General of Combat SS and Police, Jurgen (Juergen) Stroop, report of the last day of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 16 May 1943, Life conditions in the Warsaw Ghetto, Liquidation of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, May 1943, means of survival in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943, Medical care in Warsaw Ghetto, Mordechaj Anielewicz, commander of the Jewish Combat Organization and the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Orders issued by the German administration during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943, Pedestrian bridges in the Warsaw ghetto, Poland (1939--1945), Polish Home Army (Armija Krajowa), Poverty and Desperation in the Warsaw ghetto, Relations between Jewish and Polish Resistance in Warsaw, 1939 -- 1945, Sarenka Rachel Zylberberg, organizer of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Selection for resettlement (deportation) from Warsaw ghetto, Smuggling in the Warsaw Ghetto, 1940 --1943, The Holocaust in Poland, The last day of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 16 May 1943, The role of the Warsaw sewers in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Warsaw (Poland), Warsaw (Poland: ghetto), Warsaw ghetto, post-uprising and liquidation, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, combat tactics, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, defense bunkers, Zydowski Zwiazek Wojskowy (Jewish Military Union), Warsaw

Forms of Material: Molotov Cocktails, a liquid explosive used by the Jewish resistance in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

Languages: German, English, French, Polish

Abstract

This Record Group comprises collections of narratives and photo-documents reflecting the history of Warsaw Ghetto and Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

Scope and Contents of the Materials

This record group is comprised of photographs, narratives, postwar correspondence, officially-issued documentation, and links to U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum documentaries. Represented in the photographs are street scenes, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, forced stripping and life in the Warsaw Ghetto, while other materials contain documents issued by German authorities and the Jewish ghetto administration. A significant collection includes documents from Władysław Wójcik, a Polish construction technician, who, while working on the site of the former Warsaw ghetto in 1950, discovered the second part of the Ringelblum Archive. The Władysław Wójcik collection contains postwar correspondence between Mr. Wójcik and various Jewish organizations, including the Israeli Consulate General, Yad Vashem, and the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw, as well as medical doctors whose care he sought out.

The linked documentaries, within this record group, are streamed from the Film and Video Archive of the USHMM. These documentaries are Destruction of Warsaw, Poland; Claude Lanzmann Shoah Collection, Interview with Jan Karski; and Propaganda filming of the Warsaw Ghetto: prison; street; corpses; burial.

This record group contain both original materials, as well as secondary documents and photographs. The materials in this record group have been partially digitized.

Collection Historical Note

The Warsaw Ghetto was established on October 16, 1940 in the Jewish section of Warsaw. The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising began on April 19, 1943, when the Nazis decided to liquidate the ghetto and send its remaining inhabitants to Treblinka, an extermination camp. The uprising lasted until May 16, 1943.The collection of photographs depicting a forced stripping of a Jewish young woman in front of German soldiers consists of original photographs.

The collection of photo documents depicting ghetto life are largely secondary photographs. The same is true about the photo documents comprising the collection devoted to the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.RG-25.01- Warsaw Ghetto Street Scenes Photo-Collection

This collection of four photographs is of the Warsaw Ghetto from 1943.

RG-25.01.01.01- The first photograph depicts a Jewish man in the front, two Jewish females in the back, and another Jewish man passing by on the street. There is a clock in the background with a hanging sign, “Zegarmistrz.”

RG-25.01.01.02- The second photograph depicts the backs of a group of males and females marching and carrying shovels. There is a man in the back holding arms. There is also a film negative of this photograph included in the envelope the photographs are in.

RG-25.01.01.03- The third photograph is of a street scene with a tall building in the background.

RG-25.01.01.04- Photograph of a Warsaw Ghetto street scene, two men walking past each other

RG-25.01.02- Warsaw Ghetto, Police Mistreating Old Man

Caption attached- “A Hitlerite policeman/schupe/ mistreats an old Jew. Photo found on a Hitlerite officer killed in battle.” Caption also in Polish.

RG-25.01.03- Warsaw Ghetto, Invaders and a group of Jewish Men

Caption attached- “By persecuting the Jews the invader tried to trample down their human dignity and thus kill their spirit of resistance. Photo taken from the Ghetto Underground Archives.” Caption also in Polish.

RG-25.01.04- Warsaw Ghetto in Flames, the last Jewish prisoners are led to execution

Dated- 1943-

This photograph shows the Warsaw Ghetto in flames as the last Jewish prisoners are led to execution.

RG-25.01.05- Warsaw Ghetto, 1941, photocopies

Photocopies of photographs of the Warsaw Ghetto in 1941. The first is a scene of men working and using wheelbarrows. The second is of men walking toward a car. The third is of a man standing near a pile of rectangular objects.

RG-25.01.06- Soldiers walking in the streets of the Warsaw Ghetto in May 1943

Dated- May 1943

A photograph of the Warsaw Ghetto in flames in May 1943, two copies.

RG-25.01.07- Warsaw Ghetto, Wagon of dead bodies

RG-25.01.08- Warsaw Ghetto, A man on the street

RG-25.01.09- Warsaw ghetto, a doctor visiting a dwelling at 33 Nalewki Street, 1941

RG-25.01.10- Warsaw Ghetto Jewish police, May, 1941

RG-25.02- Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Photographs

Dated- April-May 1943

RG-25.02.01- Two male resistance fighters during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

RG-25.02.02- Blazing houses during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

RG-25.02.03- Fighter climbing out of a cellar with hands in the air after capture by the Nazis.

RG-25.02.04- Women prisoners lined up awaiting their fate.

RG-25.02.05- Mordechai Anielewicz, original Passport Photograph

This photograph was donated by Mrs. Nutkievitz, who was in Sweden and exchanged photos with a friend, who gave her this original passport photograph of Mordechai Anielewicz. Anielewicz was a strong leader and one of the initiators of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising; he had been appointed commander of the ZOB, a Jewish fighting organization, in November of 1942. He was killed in the bunker on May 8, 1943.

RG-25.02.06- Warsaw Ghetto Burning, 3 copies

Dated- April-May 1943

Three copies of the same photograph, a photograph of the Warsaw Ghetto in flames in the background of a skyline.

RG-25.02.07- Photograph, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, two female members of Jewish Fighting Organization (ZOB) before the execution, Courtesy- YIVO Institute for Jewish research

RG-25.02.08- Photograph, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Jews in front of the German soldiers, Alex Schwartzkopf Collection

RG-25.02.09- Photograph, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, a street in the ghetto after the Uprising

RG-25.02.10- Photograph, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, a column of Jewish captives is being led in the aftermath of the Uprising, courtesy of Wide World Photo

RG-25.02.11- Photograph, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, in the aftermath, Alex Schwartzkopf Collection

RG-25.02.12- Photograph, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, ruins of the ghetto, Alex Schwartzkopf Collection

RG-25.02.13- Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, in the aftermath

RG-25.02.14- New York Times, Warsaw Ghetto article

Secret Polish Radio asks Aid, Cut off

RG-25.02.15- Heavily armed German troops clear Muranowski Square of Jewish Resistance Fighters, April, 1943

RG-25.02.16- The Monument of Ghetto Heroes

A small relief of one side of the Monument of Ghetto Heroes in Warsaw dedicated to the Ghetto Heroes of the Warsaw Ghetto. The box contains a booklet in English explaining the monument.

RG-25.03- Exhibit-Building, Secondary Photographs

RG-25.03.01- Photograph, Warsaw Ghetto wall

RG-25.03.02- Photograph, Warsaw Ghetto, Hungry and Exhausted Kids in the yard

RG-25.03.03- Color slide, Warsaw Ghetto, Jewish Policeman regulates traffic

RG-25.03.04- Slide, Warsaw Ghetto, Books are being sold and exchange on the street

RG-25.03.05- Photograph, Warsaw Ghetto, A man on the street

RG-25.03.06- Photograph, Warsaw, First Days of the German occupation

RG-25.03.07- Photograph, Warsaw Ghetto, a view of the ghetto wall

RG-25.03.08- Photograph, Warsaw Ghetto, Jews climbing over the ghetto wall

RG-25.03.09- Photograph, Warsaw Ghetto, at the cemetery

RG-25.03.10- Photograph, Warsaw Ghetto, a Jewish Boy, 1943, Yad Vashem Archives

RG-25.03.11- Photograph, Warsaw, Jews are not allowed into the park

RG-25.03.12- Photograph, Warsaw, a ghetto check-point

RG-25.03.13- Photograph, Warsaw Ghetto, a ghetto entrance

RG-25.03.14- Photograph, Warsaw ghetto, medical examining in the ghetto

RG-25.03.15- Photograph, Warsaw Ghetto, prayer in the ghetto

RG-25.03.16- Photograph, Warsaw Ghetto, Jewish kids in the classroom

RG-25.03.17- Photograph, Warsaw Ghetto, A beggar on the street

RG-25.03.18- Photograph, Warsaw Ghetto, unidentified location, perhaps a transfer

RG-25.03.19- Photograph, Warsaw Ghetto, inside a ghetto dwelling

RG-25.03.20- Photograph, Warsaw Ghetto, street sale

RG-25.03.21- Photograph, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

RG-25.03.22- Slide, Warsaw ghetto, pedestrian bridge

RG-25.03.23- Slide, Warsaw ghetto, transporting cargo

RG-25.03.24- Photo-copy, Warsaw ghetto, a food ration card

RG-25.03.25- Photograph, Warsaw ghetto, street entertainer Rubinstein on the street

RG-25.03.26- Photograph, Warsaw, a Jewish fur shop, preparing for the German requisitions

RG-25.03.27- Photograph, Warsaw ghetto, dragging the dead

RG-25.04- Warsaw Ghetto Documents issued by the German Authorities and Jewish Ghetto Administration

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RG- 25.04.01- Warsaw Ghetto, Notice, copy

Dated- 10 November 1941

Issued by- Dr. Fischer, Gouverneur

“Notice- Death penalty for leaving the Jewish residential district…the General Governor decreed that in the future, when a Jew of the residential district leaves on un authorized leave, there will be a death penalty. The same penalty applies to those who take in Jews either knowingly or helping by using all kinds of vehicles. The trial is carried out by the Special Court of Warsaw. I would like to see the entire population of the Warsaw District comply to this new statutory because only a more rigorous approach is unrelenting.” The language is in German.

RG- 25.04.02- Warsaw Ghetto, Judenrat Notice, copy

Dated- 22 July 1942

Issued by- Warsaw Ghetto Judenrat

A notice from the Warsaw Ghetto Judenrat that all Jewish people of all ages and sex living in Warsaw are relocated to the East…Person designated for resettlement may each pack a travel bag of 15 kilograms and may bring monetary valuables, jewelry, gold, etc...The transportation begins July 22, 1942 at 11am…” The language of the notice is in German and Polish.

RG- 25.04.03- Warsaw Police Bulletin

Dated- 1943

Issued by- Warsaw Police

A Warsaw Police bulletin in German and Polish.

RG- 25.04.04- Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa Notice, copy

Dated- 23 April 1943

Language- Polish

Notice to Polish citizens to fight against the German army, which as cruel invaders, invaded the homes of their mothers, wives and children. The notice calls for a fight against a common enemy, the Nazis, for freedom, human dignity, and national honor.

RG- 25.04.05- Telefax Copy

Dated- 16 May 1943

Language- German

“Sender- Police of Warsaw District

Subject- Ghetto-Grossaktion

Attention- Higher SS and Police of the East…

Krakow

The course of the Grossaktion on May 16 1943, beginning 10 A.M.-

There were 180 Jews, bandits, and people destroyed. The former Jewish residential district of Warsaw no longer exists. With the blowing up of the Warsaw Synagogue, the Grossaktion ended at 8-15 P.M.

The evidence is collected and the total destruction of Jews is 56 065.

Own no losses.

Final report…May 18 1943.”

RG-25.04.06- Warsaw Judenrat informs about mass deportation to Treblinka, 22 July 1942

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RG-25.05- Władysław Wójcik Collection

Provenance- Władysław Wójcik, 99-44-62 Avenue, Rego Park, New York, II374. Mr. Wójcik’s collection includes his appeals to Jewish organizations for financial assistance and their responses, letters concerning his nomination to Yad Vashem as a Righteous Gentile, a letter from the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw, and a letter from a doctor stating his health. The collection also includes a passport photograph of Mr. Wójcik.

Organization- The collection of documents is a collection of letters, totaling 16 pages. The narrative is placed in a pocket folder and is bound by a paper clip.

Language- English, French, Polish

Bibliographical/Historical note- In 1950 Władysław Wójcik, a construction technician, working on the site of the Warsaw ghetto discovered the second part of the Ringelblum Archives (which contain clandestine documentation of ghetto life). The documents were hidden in two large milk canisters. Władysław Wójcik, having notified the Jewish Historical Institute, ensured security of the documents.

In time Mr. Wójcik emigrated from Poland to the US where his health gradually deteriorated. He also encountered financial hardships. Mr. Wójcik desperately sought help from various Jewish organizations, as well as from private persons. Having been recognized by Yad Vashem as a Righteous Among Nations, he had been given no help from Jewish establishment in the U.S. or Israel. The correspondence proves that his appeal for assistance was not heard.

RG- 25.05.01- Certified Letter, Appeal, Władysław Wójcik

Dated- 1 September 1978

This document is an appeal from Władysław Wójcik to Jewish philanthropic organizations for financial assistance and chronicles his other failed attempts to receive financial assistance from Jewish organizations in the past. He cites his failing health, previous imprisonment by the Gestapo, and his moral assistance to Jews during the war and his role in securing the second portion of the Ringelblum Archives as his reasons for asking for financial assistance.

RG- 25.05.02- New Year’s greetings from L. Bernstein and Engineer A. Reiss from

Dated- 1 January 1964

New Year’s greetings from L. Bernstein and Engineer A. Reiss from Israel expressing blessings and gratitude. Included with the original letter was a souvenir- one small chocolate and one small book.

RG-25.05.03- Certificate from the Jewish Historical Institute, in Polish and English

Dated- 15 August 1964

Issued by- The Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw

Two certificates, one in Polish and a translation in English, from the Jewish Historical Institute certifying that Władysław Wójcik discovered the second portion of the Ringelblum Archives in two large cans while engaged in extraction work on the site of the former Warsaw Ghetto on December 1, 1950. Mr. Władysław Wójcik also kept a smuggled diary in his parents’ apartment during the German occupation.

RG- 25.05.04- Recognition Diploma from Yad Vashem, copy

Dated- 1 May 1966

Issued by- Yad Vashem and the Martyrs’ and Heroes’ Remembrance Authority

This recognition diploma attests to a meeting on 15 June 1967 when Yad Vashem and the Martyrs’ and Heroes’ Remembrance Authority decided to pay homage to Władysław Wójcik for his part in saving Jews during the time of extermination in the face of danger with a diploma or honor, and to grant him the right to plant a tree on the Mount of Jerusalem.  The diploma is in Hebrew and French.

RG-25.05.05- Letter, World Jewish Congress

Dated- 28 March 1968

Issued by- World Jewish Congress

A response from the Executive Director of the World Jewish Congress, Max Melamet, to Mr. Wójcik’s appeal for financial assistance.

RG-25.05.06- Letter, Dr. Irving Rappaport

Dated- 7 July 1978

A letter from Dr. Irving Rappaport, M.D., detailing Mr. Wójcik’s decline in health since his heart attack in 1977. Two copies of the same letter.

RG-25.05.07- Letter from Moshe Landau, President of the Martyrs’ and Heroes’ Remembrance Authority, to Władysław Wójcik

Dated- 15 August 1968

Issued by- Martyrs’ and Heroes’ Remembrance Authority, Yad Vashem

Letter from Moshe Landau, President of the Martyrs’ and Heroes’ Remembrance Authority, to Władysław Wójcik, announcing Yad Vashem’s decision in a preliminary meeting on June 15, 1965, to grant Władysław Wójcik a diploma of honor and the right to plant a tree on the Mount of Jerusalem in his name if fate brings him to Israel, on account of the valiancy and human solidarity he showed by saving Jews in the face of danger under German occupation. The letter states the conferring of the diploma and its date will be communicated later by the Consulate. The letter is in French.

RG-25.05.08- Invitation to receive a Righteous Among the Nations Award

Dated- 20 January 1969

Issued by- Consulate General of Israel Office in New York

A letter from a Consul of Israel in New York, N. Eshkol, inviting Władysław Wójcik to a ceremony at the American Israel Cultural Foundation in New York to receive his Righteous Among the Nations Award.

RG 25.05.09- Photograph of Władysław Wójcik Accepting his Righteous Among the Nations Award, photocopy

Dated 20 February 1969

A copy of a photograph showing Władysław Wójcik accepting his Righteous Among the Nations Award at The American Israel Cultural Foundation  in New York. The General Consul of Israel, Mr. N. Eshkol, and Vice Consul and Władysław Wójcik are in the photograph.

RG-25.05.10- Israel’s Tribute to the Righteous, Opening Remarks

Dated- 20 February 1969

Opening remarks by the Consul General of Israel Mr. R. Amir for Władysław Wójcik’s ceremony celebrating his inclusion in the Righteous Among the Nations.

RG-25.05.11- Letter from Consul of Israel, New York

Dated- 6 March 1969

Issued by- Consulate General of Israel Office in New York

A letter from a Consul of Israel in New York, N. Eshkol, thanking Władysław Wójcik for his presence at a ceremony at the American Israel Cultural Foundation in New York to receive his Righteous Among the Nations Award.

RG- 25.05.12- Photograph of city buildings, copy

RG-25.06- Warsaw Ghetto, Forced Stripping Photographs

Organization- This collection of eight photographs is of forced stripping in the Warsaw Ghetto and is placed in protective sleeves inside a pocket folder.

Bibliographical/Historical note- The Warsaw Ghetto was established on October 16, 1940 in Warsaw, Poland, by the German occupation.

RG-25.06.01- A woman without a top, surrounded by soldiers.

RG-25.06.02- A soldier forcing a woman to strip.

RG-25.06.03- A woman on the floor, removing or putting on her socks.

RG-25.06.04- The same woman standing up in the street.

RG-25.06.05- A woman with her elbow raised and men in the background on the street.

RG-25.06.06- A soldier forcing a woman to strip in the street.

RG-25.06.07- Two soldiers forcing two women to strip.

RG-25.06.08- A woman standing in the street without a top as a soldier in the back keeps guard.

U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, Film and Video Archive

RG-25.07- Battle for Warsaw, English narration, USHMM

RG-25.08- Jan Karski Report, film by Claude Lanzman, USHMM

RG-25.09- Warsaw Ghetto prison, Jewish police, film, USHMM

RG-25.10- Adam Czerniakow

RG-25.10.01- Adam Czerniakow, biographical note

RG-25.10.02- The Warsaw Diary of Adam Czerniakow

The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising started on April 19, 1943 when the Nazis decided to liquidate the ghetto and send its remaining inhabitants to Treblinka, an extermination camp. The uprising lasted until May 16, 1943

Wladyslaw Wójcik collection of documents contains original papers and copies from the original documents. Mr. Wójcik’s collection includes his requests addressed to a number of Jewish organizations. He was asking for financial assistance needed to subsidize his medical treatment.  This Collection also includes correspondence from the Jewish organizations with rejection of the requested financial assistance. There is correspondence concerning his nomination to be considered by Yad Vashem as a Righteous Gentile. Another part of the Collection contains a letter from the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw, and a letter from a doctor stating reporting on Mr. Wójcik’s health conditions.

In 1950 Władysław Wójcik, a construction technician, working on the site of the Warsaw ghetto discovered the second part of the Ringelblum Archives (which contain clandestine chronicles documenting the ghetto life). The documents were hidden in the two large milk canisters. Władysław Wójcik, having notified the Jewish Historical Institute, ensured security of the documents.

Sometime later, Mr. Wójcik emigrated from Poland to the US where his health gradually deteriorated. He also experienced financial hardships. Mr. Wójcik desperately sought help from various Jewish organizations, as well as from private persons. Having been recognized by Yad Vashem as a Righteous Gentile Among Nations, he had not been given any help from Jewish establishment in the U.S. or Israel. The correspondence proves that his requests for financial and medical help were falling on a deaf ear.Scope/Content Notes, this collection contains original documents and photographs and more in numbers, secondary documents and photographs. It shall be noted that photo documents received from Bundesarchiv have been lesser known, rarely used in publications. We have displayed them as the museum exhibits. Their digitized copies are part of the several archival collections including this one.

Three documentaries from the USHMM Film and Video Archive complement this Collection by the means of original footage and the oral history.

Biographical Note

Adam Czerniaków, Chairman of the Warsaw Jewish Council from September 1939 to 23 July 1942, was often known for what he was not. He was not a religious Orthodox, not a Bundist (Jewish social-democrat), not an ardent Zionist. Yet he was a man with qualities: an honest, reliable, responsible, carrying, and compassionate person. Reflections on what he was not would only confirm his adequacy to the period of extreme challenges, in which he lived. He did not flee Warsaw in the wake of German occupation, like former chairman, Maurycyj Mayzel; he did not misinform the German authorities on the gruesome situation in the ghetto, like the chairman of the Łódź ghetto, Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski, did. Adam Czerniaków being a captain of a sinking ship still believed in a positive outcome.

When it became obvious that the Germans commenced mass deportations from the ghetto in the end of July 1942, with expectations of compliance with deportation quotas, Adam Czerniaków committed suicide on 23 July 1942. In his final passage of his Diary on Tishe B’Av, July 23, 1942, he wrote “It is 3 o’clock. So far there are 4000 ready to go. According to orders there have to be four thousand [more] by 4 o’clock.”[1]

Czerniaków kept his diary from the beginning of the German occupation of Warsaw (October 1939) to the orders of mass deportation from the Warsaw ghetto (July 1942). The entries were concise, well to the point, but not without passion. His records comprise a truthful narrative, startling and stunning in its exactness and historicism. In the post-Holocaust world, Czerniaków’s diaries have become a credible standard allowing us to test the reliability of other relevant sources.

<br clear="all" /> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> [1] Raul Hilberg, Stanisław Staron, and Josef Kermisz, eds. The Warsaw Diary of Adam Czerniaków: Prelude to Doom (New York: Stein and Day, 1979), 23.

Subject/Index Terms

Adam Czerniakow, Chairman of the Jewish Council of Warsaw, 1939-1942
Aftermath of Warsaw ghetto uprising
Black Market in the Warsaw Ghetto, 1940 --1943
Books in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943
Business in the Warsaw ghetto
Children in the Warsaw Ghetto
Collaboration between the members of Jewish councils and German administration
Collaboration in ghettos
collaboration in the Holocaust
Collaboration in the Warsaw Ghetto, 1940 --1943
Commemoration of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Connections between the Jewish Combat Organization and Polish Governmetn in Exile, 1942 -- 1945
Correspondence between Wladyslaw Wojcik and Jewish Organizations in the United States and Israel
Corruption in the Warsaw ghetto, 1939 -- 1943
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
Demolition of the Warsaw Ghetto, May 1943
Deportation from Warsaw Ghetto to Treblinka death camp, July 1942
Deportations from the Warsaw Ghetto, 1942 -- 1943
Destruction of the Warsaw ghetto, post-uprising
Diary of Adam Czerniakow, the chairman of the Jewish Council of Warsaw
Education in the Warsaw ghetto
Emanuel Ringelblum
Emanuel Ringelblum Archive, Warsaw Ghetto
Entertainment in the Warsaw ghetto
Female nudity, Warsaw Ghetto
Final Aktion (action) in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 16 May 1943
Food distribution in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943
Food rations in the Warsaw Ghetto
German military operation against Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
German rules and orders regarding the Warsaw Ghetto
Hunger in the Warsaw Ghetto
intellectual life in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943
Jewish Combat Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa)
Jewish Combat Organziation (ZOB), members
Jewish Order Police in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943
Jewish prisoners of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943
Jurgen (Juergen) Stroop, General of Combat SS and Police
Jurgen (Juergen) Stroop, report of the last day of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 16 May 1943
Life conditions in the Warsaw Ghetto
Liquidation of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, May 1943
means of survival in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943
Medical care in Warsaw Ghetto
Mordechaj Anielewicz, commander of the Jewish Combat Organization and the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Orders issued by the German administration during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943
Pedestrian bridges in the Warsaw ghetto
Poland (1939--1945)
Polish Home Army (Armija Krajowa)
Poverty and Desperation in the Warsaw ghetto
Relations between Jewish and Polish Resistance in Warsaw, 1939 -- 1945
Sarenka Rachel Zylberberg, organizer of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Selection for resettlement (deportation) from Warsaw ghetto
Smuggling in the Warsaw Ghetto, 1940 --1943
The Holocaust in Poland
The last day of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 16 May 1943
The role of the Warsaw sewers in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw ghetto, post-uprising and liquidation
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, combat tactics
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, defense bunkers
Zydowski Zwiazek Wojskowy (Jewish Military Union), Warsaw

Administrative Information

Repository: Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust

Physical Access Note: The photographs received from the Bundesarchiv, which have been rarely used in publications, are currently displayed in the museum exhibits.

Original/Copies Note: Some of the secondary photographs have been received from the Bundesarchiv, and the documentaries are linked from the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum. Destruction of Warsaw, Poland can be found at http://resources.ushmm.org/film/display/detail.php?file_num=0312; Claude Lanzmann Shoah Collection, Interview with Jan Karski can be found at http://resources.ushmm.org/film/display/detail.php?file_num=4739; and Propaganda filming of the Warsaw Ghetto: prison; street; corpses; burial can be found at http://resources.ushmm.org/film/display/detail.php?file_num=1646.

Preferred Citation: RG-25, Warsaw Ghetto. Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust Archive.

Processing Information: Materials are primarily described using the local descriptive standards of the LA Museum of the Holocaust.


Box and Folder Listing


Browse by Sub-Collection:

[Sub-Collection 1: RG -25.01, Warsaw Ghetto, photodocuments, 1940 -- 1943],
[Sub-Collection 2: RG -25.02, Warsaw Ghetto, forced stripping photographs, ca 1943],
[Sub-Collection 3: RG-25.03, Warsaw Ghetto, Photographs of the Street-Scenes, 1940 -- 1943],
[Sub-Collection 4: RG-25.04, Documents Issued by German Authorities and Jewish Council of the Warsaw Ghetto, 1940 -- 1943, 1940 --1943],
[Sub-Collection 5: RG-25.05, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, April -- May 1943],
[Sub-Collection 6: RG-25.06, Warsaw ghetto, secondary photographs and documents, 1940 -- 1943],
[Sub-Collection 7: RG-25.07, Warsaw Ghetto, Wladyslaw Wójcik Collection],
[All]

Sub-Collection 1: RG -25.01, Warsaw Ghetto, photodocuments, 1940 -- 1943Add to your cart.
This collection contains photo-documents reflectiing ghetto liffe in the Warsaw ghetto
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Jewish Order Service, policemen
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
Life conditions in the Warsaw Ghetto
Poland (1939 --1945)
Medical care in Warsaw Ghetto
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 1: RG-25.01.01, Warsaw Ghetto Jewish Order Police. A police detail stands at attention, ca 1941, ca 1941Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
This photograph shows a unit of Jewish Order Ghetto Police (Warsaw Ghetto) standing at attention. A unit commander reports to the commander of the next level. Warsaw, ca 1941
Subject/Index Terms:
Jewish Order Police in ghettos
Judischer Ordnungdienst (or Jüdische Ghetto-Polizei, Jewish Ghetto Police)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Collaboration in ghettos
collaboration in the Holocaust
Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust
The Holocaust in Poland
Jewish Council (Judenrat) of Warsaw
Activities of Jewish Councils (Judenraete) Poland, 1939 -- 1945
Ghetto self-administration, 1939 -- 1945
Poland (1939 --1945)
Creators:
Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 2: RG-25.01.02, Warsaw ghetto, a doctor visiting a dwelling at 33 Nalewki street, 1941, 1941Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photographs shows a Jewish dwelling in the Warsaw ghetto at the time of a doctor's visit, 1941.
Subject/Index Terms:
Living conditions in ghettos
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
Health care in the ghettos
Health care in the Warsaw ghetto
medical doctors in the Holocaust
medical doctors in the ghettos
Jewish Council (Judenrat) of the Warsaw ghetto
Departments of Jewish Councils in the ghettos
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
The Holocaust in Poland
Creators:
Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 3: RG-25.01.03, Warsaw Ghetto, a man on the street, 1940-1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of a Jewish man eating in the streets of the Warsaw Ghetto, Poland.
Subject/Index Terms:
Hunger in the Warsaw Ghetto
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
The Holocaust in Poland
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Living conditions in ghettos
Photographs, ghettos
day-to-day life in ghettos
Poland (1939--1945)
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
Creators:
Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 4: RG-25.01.04, Warsaw Ghetto, wagon of dead bodies, 1940-1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
Subject/Index Terms:
Mortality in the Warsaw ghetto
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Photographs, ghettos
The Holocaust in Poland
Poland (1939--1945)
Mortality in the ghettos
Creators:
Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 5: RG-25.01.05, Warsaw ghetto, scene from the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1939--1945)
The Holocaust in Poland
German military operation against Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
Jewish resistance and defiance
Jewish resistance
Jewish resistance organization in the Warsaw ghetto
German Soldiers
Creators:
A German photographer (1940 -- 1944)
Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)
Jewish resistance, photographers (1939-1945)
Sub-Collection 2: RG -25.02, Warsaw Ghetto, forced stripping photographs, ca 1943Add to your cart.
The collections contains photographs depicting forces stripping of Jewish women imposed by the German soldiers
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Public humiliations
Humiliation in the ghettos
Forced undressing of women in the ghettos
Soldiers, German
Poland (1939 --1945)
Jewish young women in the Warsaw ghetto, images
Forced stripping of young women in the Warsaw ghetto
Young Jewish women in Warsaw ghetto posing to German photographers, forced posing
Nudity, young Jewish women in the Warsaw ghetto
Women in the ghettos
Nude photographs in the ghettos
Nude photographs in the Warsaw ghetto
Girls in the ghettos
Girls in the Warsaw ghetto
Nudity in the ghettos
Nudity in the Warsaw ghetto
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 1: RG-25.02.01, A woman without a top, surrounded by soldiers, Warsaw Ghetto, ca 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of a half-naked women surrounded by the German soldiers, Warsaw, Poland, ca 1943
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Public humilations
Forced undressing, Warsaw Ghetto
Forced undressing of women in the ghettos
Forced undressing of Jewish women
Poland (1939 --1945)
Soldiers, German
Female nudity, Warsaw Ghetto
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Treatment of women in ghettos, 1940-1945
Forced stripping
Forced stripping of young women in the Warsaw ghetto
Girls in the ghettos
Girls in the Warsaw ghetto
Humiliation in the ghettos
Jewish young women in the Warsaw ghetto, images
Nudity, young Jewish women in the Warsaw ghetto
Nude photographs in the ghettos
Nude photographs in the Warsaw ghetto
Nudity in the ghettos
Nudity in the Warsaw ghetto
German soldiers in Warsaw, wartime
German soldiers taking photographs of undressing young Jewish women, forced, wartime
German soldiers taking photographs of undressing young Jewish women, Warsaw, wartime
Photodocuments from the Warsaw ghetto
German military photographers, wartime
German military photographers in Warsaw, wartime
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 2: RG-25.02.02, A soldier forcing a woman to strip, Warsaw Ghetto, ca 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A German soldier forces a Jewish woman to undress, Warsaw, ca 1943
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Public humiliations
Forced stripping
Forced undressing, Warsaw Ghetto
Forced undressing of Jewish women
Forced undressing of women in the ghettos
Poland (1939 --1945)
Soldiers, German
Female nudity, Warsaw Ghetto
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Treatment of German women in ghettos, 1939-1945
Forced stripping of young women in the Warsaw ghetto
Girls in the ghettos
Girls in the Warsaw ghetto
Humiliation in the ghettos
German soldiers taking photographs of undressing young Jewish women, forced, wartime
German soldiers taking photographs of undressing young Jewish women, Warsaw, wartime
Jewish young women in the Warsaw ghetto, images
Nudity, young Jewish women in the Warsaw ghetto
Young Jewish women in Warsaw ghetto posing to German photographers, forced posing
Nude photographs in the ghettos
Nude photographs in the Warsaw ghetto
Nudity in the ghettos
Nudity in the Warsaw ghetto
German military photographers, wartime
German military photographers in Warsaw, wartime
Women in the ghettos
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 3: RG-25.02.03, A partially naked women with her luggage in the streets of the Warsaw ghetto, ca 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A half-naked woman on the ground with her luggage, Warsaw, ca 1943
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Public humilations
Forced undressing, Warsaw Ghetto
Forced undressing of Jewish women
Forced undressing of women in the ghettos
Forced stripping
Poland (1939 --1945)
Soldiers, German
Female nudity, Warsaw Ghetto
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Treatment of women in ghettos, 1940-1945
Forced stripping of young women in the Warsaw ghetto
Girls in the ghettos
Girls in the Warsaw ghetto
Humiliation in the ghettos
German soldiers taking photographs of undressing young Jewish women, forced, wartime
German soldiers taking photographs of undressing young Jewish women, Warsaw, wartime
Jewish young women in the Warsaw ghetto, images
Nudity, young Jewish women in the Warsaw ghetto
Young Jewish women in Warsaw ghetto posing to German photographers, forced posing
Nude photographs in the ghettos
Nude photographs in the Warsaw ghetto
Nudity in the ghettos
Nudity in the Warsaw ghetto
Humiliation in public
Humiliation in public, ghettos
Women in the ghettos
Women in the Warsaw ghetto
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 4: RG-25.02.04, A topless woman posing in the streets of the Warsaw ghetto, a solider stands in the background, ca 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A  photograph of a half-naked woman posing in the street. the same woman from document RG-25.02.04. A german soldier stands near by. Warsaw, ca 1943
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Forced undressing, Warsaw Ghetto
Forced undressing of Jewish women
Forced undressing of women in the ghettos
Public humilations
Soldiers, German
Poland (1939 --1945)
Female nudity, Warsaw Ghetto
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Treatment of women in ghettos, 1940-1945
Forced stripping
Forced stripping of young women in the Warsaw ghetto
Girls in the ghettos
Girls in the Warsaw ghetto
Humiliation in public
Humiliation in public, ghettos
Humiliation in the ghettos
German soldiers taking photographs of undressing young Jewish women, forced, wartime
German soldiers taking photographs of undressing young Jewish women, Warsaw, wartime
Jewish young women in the Warsaw ghetto, images
Nudity, young Jewish women in the Warsaw ghetto
Young Jewish women in Warsaw ghetto posing to German photographers, forced posing
Nude photographs in the ghettos
Nude photographs in the Warsaw ghetto
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 5: RG-25.02.05, A woman gets dressed in the streets of the Warsaw ghetto, men stand in the background, ca 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
Photograph of a half-naked woman re-dressing. A group of men stands behind her. Warsaw, ca 1943
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Forced undressing, Warsaw Ghetto
Forced undressing of Jewish women
Forced undressing of women in the ghettos
Forced stripping
Public humilations
Female nudity, Warsaw Ghetto
Soldiers, German
Poland (1939 --1945)
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Treatment of women in ghettos, 1940-1945
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 6: RG-25.02.06, A German soldier forcing a woman to strip in the street, Warsaw ghetto, ca 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph showing a German soldier, forcing a woman to undress on the street. Warsaw, ca 1943
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Forced undressing, Warsaw Ghetto
Forced undressing of Jewish women
Forced undressing of women in the ghettos
Forced stripping
Public humilations
Soldiers, German
Female nudity, Warsaw Ghetto
Poland (1939 --1945)
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Treatment of women in ghettos, 1940-1945
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 7: RG-25.02.07, Two German soldiers forcing two women to undress, Warsaw ghetto, ca 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A Photograph showing two one naked woman and one woman udressing. Two German soldiers force them to pose naked. Warsaw, ca 1943
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw (Poland)
Forced undressing, Warsaw Ghetto
Forced undressing of Jewish women
Forced undressing of women in the ghettos
Forced stripping
Public humilations
Female nudity, Warsaw Ghetto
Soldiers, German
Poland (1939 --1945)
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Treatment of women in ghettos, 1940-1945
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 8: RG-25.02.08,  A naked woman and two German soldiers on the street, Warsaw ghetto, ca 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph showing a naked woman and two German soldiers on the street. A group of poeple and another two German soldiers are in the background
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Forced undressing, Warsaw Ghetto
Forced undressing of Jewish women
Forced undressing of women in the ghettos
Forced stripping
Public humilations
Soldiers, German
Female nudity, Warsaw Ghetto
Poland (1939 --1945)
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Treatment of women in ghettos, 1940-1945
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 9: RG-25.02.09, Warsaw Ghetto, Jewish women are forced to undress by German soldiers, consolidated, ca 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A series of photographs showing forced underssing of two Jewish women by German soldiers in the street of Warsaw, ca 1943
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Forced undressing, Warsaw Ghetto
Forced undressing of Jewish women
Forced undressing of women in the ghettos
Forced stripping
Public humiliations
Female nudity, Warsaw Ghetto
Soldiers, German
Poland (1939 --1945)
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Treatment of women in ghettos, 1940-1945
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Sub-Collection 3: RG-25.03, Warsaw Ghetto, Photographs of the Street-Scenes, 1940 -- 1943Add to your cart.
This Collection contains photo-documents showing the life in the ghetto through the street-scenes, Warsaw, 1940 --1943
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
day-to-day life in ghettos
Hunger in ghettos, 1939 -- 1945
Forced labor in ghettos
Ghetto population
German Police and Security forces, 1939 --1945
German police and security forces, Poland
Humiliation in the ghettos
Public humilations
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
Jewish prisoners of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943
Soldiers, German
Medical care in Warsaw Ghetto
Jewish Order Police
Jewish Order Police in ghettos
Collaboration in ghettos
Poland (1939 --1945)
Creators:
Jewish photographers (1939--1945)
Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 1: RG-25.03.01,  Warsaw Ghetto, Street Scene, near the watch-master, 1943, 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph shows a man, a woman and a girl neat the watch-master shop in the Warsaw ghetto, 1943
Subject/Index Terms:
Living conditions in ghettos
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
day-to-day life in ghettos
Life conditions in the Warsaw Ghetto
Hunger in ghettos, 1939 -- 1945
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
The Holocaust in Poland
Poland (1939--1945)
Creators:
Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 2: RG-25.03.02, Warsaw Ghetto, a Labor Detail, 1942, 1942Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph shows a labor detail in the Warsaw ghetto, ca 1942
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
The Holocaust in Poland
Poland (1939--1945)
Forced labor
Forced labor in ghettos
Life conditions in the Warsaw Ghetto
day-to-day life in ghettos
Soldiers, German
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 3: RG-25.03.03,  Warsaw Ghetto, a Street Scene, 1942, 1942Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph shows a stree in the Warsaw ghetto, ca 942
Subject/Index Terms:
day-to-day life in ghettos
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
Living conditions in ghettos
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
The Holocaust in Poland
Poland (1939 --1945)
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Creators:
Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 4: RG-25.03.04, Warsaw Ghetto, street scene with an old man, 1943, 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
Subject/Index Terms:
day-to-day life in ghettos
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
Living conditions in ghettos
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
Poland (1939--1945)
The Holocaust in Poland
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Creators:
Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 5: RG-25.03.05, Warsaw Ghetto, German policemen humiliate an old man, 1940-1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
Subject/Index Terms:
Public humilations
Poland (1939--1945)
The Holocaust in Poland
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Nazi-perpetrated hair and/or beard cutting
Soldiers, German
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 6: RG-25.03.06, Warsaw Ghetto, German soldiers and a group of Jewish men, 1940-1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
Subject/Index Terms:
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
Poland (1939--1945)
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
The Holocaust in Poland
German Soldiers
Public humilations
Creators:
German military photographers, 1939 --1945 (1939 --1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 7: RG-25.03.07, Warsaw Ghetto, aftermath of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1940-1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Poland (1939--1945)
Jewish resistance
Jewish prisoners of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943
Jewish resistance and defiance
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 8: RG-25.03.08,  Warsaw Ghetto, two men at the forced labor, 1940-1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
Subject/Index Terms:
Forced labor in ghettos
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1939--1945)
The Holocaust in Poland
Living conditions in ghettos
Forced labor
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Life conditions in the Warsaw Ghetto
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 9: RG-25.03.09, German soldiers entering the Warsaw ghetto during the uprising, 1943, 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph showing German soldiers in the Warsaw ghetto, Poland during the uprising, 1943. A building burns in the background.
Subject/Index Terms:
Soldiers, German
Poland (1939--1945)
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
Destruction of buildings during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
The Holocaust in Poland
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Jewish resistance, photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 10: RG-25.03.10,  Warsaw Ghetto, wagon of dead bodies, 1940-1945Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
Photograph of a wagon filled with dead bodies in the Warsaw ghetto. 1940-1945.
Subject/Index Terms:
Mortality in the Warsaw ghetto
Mortality in the ghettos
Soldiers, German
Poland (1939--1945)
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
The Holocaust in Poland
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Photographs, Second World War
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Secondary publications (1940 -- 1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 11: RG-25.03.11, Warsaw Ghetto, a man on the street, 1940-1943, 1940-1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of a man eating in the Warsaw ghetto, Poland, 1940-1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Hunger in the Warsaw Ghetto
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
The Holocaust in Poland
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Living conditions in ghettos
Photographs, ghettos
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
day-to-day life in ghettos
Poland (1939--1945)
Creators:
Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 12: RG-25.03.12, Warsaw ghetto, a doctor visiting a dwelling at 33 Nalewki street, 1941, 1941Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of a doctor visiting a family dwelling at 33 Nalewki Street in the Warsaw Ghetto, Poland, 1941.
Subject/Index Terms:
Departments of Jewish Councils in the ghettos
Health care in the ghettos
Health care in the Warsaw ghetto
Jewish Council (Judenrat) of the Warsaw ghetto
Living conditions in ghettos
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
medical doctors in the ghettos
medical doctors in the Holocaust
The Holocaust in Poland
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1939--1945)
Creators:
Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)
Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 13: RG-25.03.13, Warsaw Ghetto Jewish order police, reporting to the commander, 1940-1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of Warsaw Ghetto Jewish order police reporting to their commander, Poland, 1940-1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Activities of Jewish Councils (Judenraete) Poland, 1939 -- 1945
Collaboration in ghettos
collaboration in the Holocaust
Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust
Ghetto self-administration, 1939 -- 1945
Jewish Council (Judenrat) of Warsaw
Jewish Order Police in ghettos
Judischer Ordnungdienst (or Jüdische Ghetto-Polizei, Jewish Ghetto Police)
Poland (1939--1945)
The Holocaust in Poland
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Creators:
Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)
Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
Sub-Collection 4: RG-25.04, Documents Issued by German Authorities and Jewish Council of the Warsaw Ghetto, 1940 -- 1943, 1940 --1943Add to your cart.
This Collections contains official documents issued by German Authorities and the Jewish Council of the Warsaw Ghetto in 1940 -- 1943
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
German rules and orders regarding the Warsaw Ghetto
Nazi anti-Jewish measures and legislations
German administration of Warsaw, 1939 -- 1945
Warsaw (Poland)
Jewish Council (Judenrat) of Warsaw
Deportation from Warsaw Ghetto to Treblinka death camp, July 1942
Selection for resettlement (deportation) from Warsaw ghetto
Nazi-German deception
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
German military operation against Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Resistance members, Jewish
Jewish Combat Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa)
Appeals of Jewish Comban Organization (ZOB), 1943
Liquidation of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, May 1943
Jewish Councils (Judenrate) deceptions
Poland (1939--1945)
Creators:
German authorities of Warsaw (1939 -- 1945)
Jewish Councils (Judenrate) (1939 -- 1945)
Jewish Council (Judenrat) of Warsaw (1939 -- 1943)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 1: RG-25.04.01, Wasaw Ghetto, Official announcement of Warsaw governor, 1941. The Jews in the Ghetto are banned from leaving its territory for the rest of Warsaw, November 1941Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
German Governor of Warsaw Dr. Fischer issues a ban on leaving the ghetto. No Jew can leave the territory of Warsaw Ghetto, November 1941
Subject/Index Terms:
German rules and orders regarding the Warsaw Ghetto
Anti-Jewish measures and actions, Warsaw, 1939 -- 1945
Restrictions in ghettos, 1939 -- 1945
Ludwig Fischer, Governor of the Warsaw District, 1939 -- 1945
Nazis convicted of war crimes
The Holocaust in Poland
General-Government (German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945)
The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Poland (1939 --1945)
Creators:
German authorities of Warsaw (1939 -- 1945)
German authroties of Warsaw Ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 2: RG-25.04.02, Warsaw Ghetto, Judenrat announces the first mass resettlement to the East (Treblinka), July 1942, July 1942Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
The Jewish Council of Warsaw (Judenrat) officially announces the first mass resettlement to "the East" (Treblinka death camp). The corresponding categories of the Jewish deportees are indicated.
Subject/Index Terms:
The Holocaust in Poland
The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland)
Activities of Jewish Councils (Judenraete) Poland, 1939 -- 1945
Jewish Council (Judenrat) of Warsaw
Grossaktion Warschau (Great Action Warsaw), July -- September 1942
Operation Reinhard (Aktion Reinhard or Einsatz Reinhard), 1942
Nazi-German deception
Jewish Councils (Judenrate) deceptions
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Poland (1942)
Creators:
German authorities of Warsaw (1939 -- 1945)
Jewish Council (Judenrat) of Warsaw (1939 -- 1943)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 3: RG-25.04.03, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, German Police Order,  April 1943. The Order restricts enter in to the territory of the Warsaw Ghetto, April 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
German police in Warsaw restrict enter in to the territory of the Warsaw Ghetto. The order relates to the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, April -- May 1943
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
The Holocaust in Poland
The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Jewish resistance
Jurgen (Juergen) Stroop, General of Combat SS and Police
Poland (1943)
Orders issued by the German administration during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943
Creators:
German authroties of Warsaw Ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
Police and security forces, German (1933 -- 1945)
German authorities of Warsaw (1939 -- 1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 4: RG-25.04.04, Warsaw Ghetto, Appeal of Jewish Combat Organization (ZOB) to join arms in the Uprising against the Germans, April 1943, April 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
The Appeal of Jewish Comban Organization call on Poles to join arms in the common struggle and uprising against the Germans in Warsaw, April 1943
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1939--1945)
Jewish Combat Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa)
Jewish Combat Organization
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
Jewish resistance
Jewish resistance and defiance
Creators:
Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa (Jewish Combat Organization) (1942 -- 1943)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 5: RG-25.04.05, Jurgen Stroop report of the last day of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, May 16 1943, May 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A telefax copy of a Police Report on the Warsaw Ghetto liquidation in May 1943. The telefax discusses the destruction of the Jewish district and the blowing up of the Warsaw Synagogue. "The former Jewish residential distrcit of Warsaw no longer exists."
Subject/Index Terms:
Liquidation of ghettos
Liquidation of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, May 1943
Jewish resistance organization in the Warsaw ghetto
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1939--1945)
Destruction of synagogues, 1939 -- 1945
Destruction of buildings during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Jurgen (Juergen) Stroop, General of Combat SS and Police
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
Soldiers, German
German Police and Security forces, 1939 --1945
Jewish resistance and defiance
Jurgen (Juergen) Stroop, report of the last day of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 16 May 1943
The Great Synagogue of Warsaw, 1943
Destruction of the Great Synagogue of Warsaw, 1943
Final Aktion (action) in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 16 May 1943
The last day of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 16 May 1943
Creators:
Polizeifuhrer im Distrikt Warschau (Police officer of Warsaw District) (May 1943)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 6: RG-25.04.06, Warsaw Judenrat informs about mass deportation to Treblinka, 22 July 1942, 22 July 1942Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
An announcement by the Warsaw (Poland)Judenrat about mass deportations to Treblinka, 22 July 1942.
Subject/Index Terms:
Activities of Jewish Councils (Judenraete) Poland, 1939 -- 1945
Jewish Council (Judenrat) of Warsaw
Jewish Councils (Judenrate) deceptions
Poland (1939--1945)
collaboration in the Holocaust
Collaboration in the Warsaw Ghetto, 1940 --1943
The Holocaust in Poland
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Collaboration of Jewish Councils (Judenraete) in German-occupied Poland, 1939 -- 1945
Deportation to Treblinka extermination camp
Treblinka (Poland: extermination camp)
Creators:
Jewish Council (Judenrat) of Warsaw (1939 -- 1943)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 7: RG-25.04.07, Portrait of Ludwig Fischer, Governor of the Warsaw District, 1939-1945, 1939-1945Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A portrait of Ludwig Fischer, the Governor of the Warsaw district within the General Government, Poland, 1939-1945.
Subject/Index Terms:
Ludwig Fischer, Governor of the Warsaw District, 1939 -- 1945
General-Government (German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945)
Warsaw (Poland)
Nazis convicted of war crimes
Poland (1939--1945)
Portraits of Nazi officials
Creators:
A German photographer (1940 -- 1944)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 8: RG-25.04.08, Adam Czerniakow, head of the Jewish Judenrat in Warsaw, biographical noteAdd to your cart.View associated digital content.
A historical note about Adam Czerniakow, the head of the Jewish Judenrat, who comitted suicide upon the final liquidation of the Warsaw ghetto.
Subject/Index Terms:
Judenraete (Jewish councils)
Jewish Council (Judenrat) of the Warsaw ghetto
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Adam Czerniakow, Chairman of the Jewish Council of Warsaw, 1939-1942
Deportations from the Warsaw Ghetto, 1942 -- 1943
Jewish resistance and defiance
Act of defiance in the Warsaw Ghetto
Morality in the Holocaust
Summer deportation from the Warsaw ghetto, July and August 1942
The Holocaust in Poland
Operation Reinhard (Aktion Reinhard or Einsatz Reinhard), 1942
Nazi-German deception
Poland (1939--1945)
Poland (1942)
Suicide in the ghettos
Creators:
Biographer of Adam Czerniakow
Czerniaków, Adam (1880-1942)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 9: RG-25.04.09, Adam Czerniakow, excerpt from the Diary, entry of 26 January 1940, Warsaw Ghetto, 26 January 1940Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
An excerpt from the diary of Adam Czerniakow, dated January 26th, 1940.
Subject/Index Terms:
Judenraete (Jewish councils)
Diary of Adam Czerniakow, the chairman of the Jewish Council of Warsaw
German extortion of contributions from Jewish population of Warsaw, 1940
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Jewish Council (Judenrat) of the Warsaw ghetto
Adam Czerniakow, Chairman of the Jewish Council of Warsaw, 1939-1942
The Holocaust in Poland
Poland (1939--1945)
Morality in the Holocaust
Jewish resistance and defiance
Poland (1940)
Day-to-day life in Warsaw
Creators:
Czerniaków, Adam (1880-1942)
Sub-Collection 5: RG-25.05, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, April -- May 1943Add to your cart.
Collection of photo-documents showing the aftermath of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, May 1943
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
Liquidation of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, May 1943
Jewish prisoners of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943
German military operation against Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Jewish Combat Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa)
Zydowski Zwiazek Wojskowy (Jewish Military Union), Warsaw
Jewish resistance organizations in ghettos, Poland
Jewish resistance organization in the Warsaw ghetto
Jewish resistance and defiance
Soldiers, German
Combat SS units, German
Deportations from the Warsaw Ghetto, 1942 -- 1943
Jurgen (Juergen) Stroop, General of Combat SS and Police
Demolition of the Warsaw Ghetto, May 1943
Prisoners of war, Jewish
The Holocaust in Poland
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Polish Home Army (Armija Krajowa)
Resistance, Poland
Poland (1943)
Sarenka Rachel Zylberberg, organizer of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Mordechaj Anielewicz, commander of the Jewish Combat Organization and the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 1: RG-25.05.01, Poster issued by Jewish Combat Organization (ZOB),  April 1943, April 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A poster with inscriptions in Yiddish issued by the Jewish Combat Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa) in April 1943. The ZOB appeals to the Polish comrades in arms to unite in the common uprising against the Germans.
Subject/Index Terms:
Resistance, Jewish
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
Jewish resistance and defiance
Jewish Combat Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa)
Jewish Polish comradeship in arms against the German oppression, 1939 -- 1945
The Holocaust in Poland
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Poland (1943)
Creators:
Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa (Jewish Combat Organization) (1942 -- 1943)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 2: RG-25.05.02, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, A Jewish resistance member surrenders, May 1943, Warsaw, May 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph shows a Jewish resistance fighter in the Warsaw Ghetto Urpising who surrenders from the bunker, Warsaw, May 1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Resistance, Jewish
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
German military operation against Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Liquidation of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, May 1943
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, combat tactics
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, defense bunkers
Soldiers, German
Combat SS units, German
The Holocaust in Poland
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Poland (1943)
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 3: RG-25.05.03,  Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Hehalutz women captured with weapon, 1943. On the photograph, from left to right, Malka Zdrojewicz (Horenstein), Bluma Wyszogrodzka and Rachela Wyszogrozka., April -- May 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.

These resistance fighters were captured by the Germans and sent to the Majdanek concentration camp. Here is an excerpt from the recollection of Malka Zdrojewicz (Horenstein), "We went  to a neutral place in the ghetto area and climed down into the underground sewers. Through them, we girls used to carry arms into the ghetto; we hid thme in our boots. During the ghetto uprising we hurled Molotov cocktails at the Germans.

After the supression of the uprising we went  into hiding taking refuge in an underground shelter where a large quantity of arms was piled up. But the Germans detected us and forced  us out. I happened to be there with Rachela and Bluma Wyszogrodzka (and that is how they took our picture)...

Rachela and I, together with the others, were driven to the Umschlagplatz. They later took us to Majdanek from there."

Subject/Index Terms:
Jewish resistance organization in the Warsaw ghetto
Jewish resistance and defiance
Photographs, Jewish resistance members
Jewish Combat Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa)
Jewish resistance members, female
Jewish combat operations in the Warsaw ghetto, April -- May 1943
Umschlagplatz, a collection center for deportation of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto
Malka Zdrojewicz (Horenstein), Jewish resistance member, 1941 -- 1943
Bluma Wyszogrodzka, Jewish resistance member, 1941 -- 1943
Rachela Wyszogrodzka, Jewish resistance member
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, combat tactics
German military operation against Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Liquidation of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, May 1943
The role of the Warsaw sewers in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Molotov Cocktails, a liquid explosive used by the Jewish resistance in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Poland (1943)
The Holocaust in Poland
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Franz Konrad, German military photographer (1943)
Propaganda Kompanie No. 689 (Propaganda Company), German Army (1943)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 4: RG-25.05.04, Warsaw Ghetto, Mordechai Anielewicz, al Passport photograph, ca 1937Add to your cart.View associated digital content.

Mordechaj Anielewicz (1919 -- 8 May 1943) was one of the leaders of the Jewish Combat Organization (ZOB) from January to May 1943. He led the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising until his death on 8 May 1943 in the ZOB command bunker center.

Anielewicz was born into a poor Jewish family in the small town of Wyszkow near Warsaw. After he completed the high school studies he joined  and later became a leader of the "Hashomer Hatzair," the Zionist-socialist youth movement.

In 1942, he joined the Jewish Combat Organization (ZOB). In November 1942, he was appointed as the group's chief commander. After the connections with the Polish government in exile were established, the group began receiving weapons from the Polish underground on the Aryan side of the city. On 18 January 1943, Anielewicz organized the first act of the the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising preventing  the majority  of a second  wave of Jews from being deported to extermination centers. This initial incient of arme resistance was a prelude  to the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising that commenced on April 19, 1943.

It is assumed that he died on 8 May 1943 along with his girlfriend and many of his staff at the German-surrounded the ZOB Command Bunker at 18 Mila Street in Warsaw.

Subject/Index Terms:
Jewish Combat Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa)
Resistance, Jewish
Jewish resistance members, male
Deportations from the Warsaw Ghetto, 1942 -- 1943
Jewish Polish comradeship in arms against the German oppression, 1939 -- 1945
Connections between the Jewish Combat Organization and Polish Governmetn in Exile, 1942 -- 1945
Jewish resistance and defiance
Jewish resistance organizations in ghettos, Poland
Mordechaj Anielewicz, commander of the Jewish Combat Organization and the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Polish Zionists, 1939 -- 1945
Polish resistance fighters in the Second World War, 1939 -- 1945
Jewish Combat Organziation (ZOB), members
Honors to the Jewish and Polish resistance fighters, 1939 --1945
Cross of Valour, Polish miliatary decoration (medal)
Cross of Grundwald, Polish military decoration (medal)
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, defense bunkers
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
Liquidation of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, May 1943
German military operation against Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Poland (1943)
Creators:
Polish civil authorities, 1918 --1939 (1918 --1939)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 5: RG-25.05.05, Photograph of the skyline of the Warsaw Ghetto Burning, 1943, 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph showing the skyline of the Warsaw Ghetto as it's burning, 1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Destruction of buildings during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Resistance, Jewish
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1943)
Poland (1939--1945)
German military operation against Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
The Holocaust in Poland
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Jewish resistance and defiance
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, combat tactics
Soldiers, German
Jewish resistance organization in the Warsaw ghetto
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Jewish resistance, photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 6: RG-25.05.06, Photograph from the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Jews in front of German soldiers, 1943, 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
Photograph of a scene from the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943. Jews are hiding in front of German soldiers underneath rubble.
Subject/Index Terms:
Destruction of buildings during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Resistance, Jewish
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1943)
Poland (1939--1945)
German military operation against Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
Jewish resistance and defiance
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Jewish resistance organizations in ghettos, Poland
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, defense bunkers
Jewish Combat Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa)
Soldiers, German
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Jewish resistance, photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 7: RG-25.05.07, A street in the Warsaw ghetto after the uprising, 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
Subject/Index Terms:
Destruction of buildings during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1943)
Poland (1939--1945)
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Resistance, Jewish
Soldiers, German
Jewish Combat Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa)
Jewish resistance organization in the Warsaw ghetto
The Holocaust in Poland
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 8: RG-25.05.08, Jewish captives surrendering after the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943, May 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of Jewish resitance fighters surrendering after the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, May 1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Deportations from the Warsaw Ghetto, 1942 -- 1943
German military operation against Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Jewish Combat Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa)
Jewish Combat Organziation (ZOB), members
Jewish resistance and defiance
Liquidation of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, May 1943
Poland (1943)
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Resistance, Jewish
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
The last day of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 16 May 1943
The Holocaust in Poland
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 9: RG-25.05.09, A column of Jewish captives  in the aftermath of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, May 1943, May 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of Jewish fighters marching in the aftermath of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, May 1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Deportations from the Warsaw Ghetto, 1942 -- 1943
German military operation against Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Jewish Combat Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa)
Jewish Combat Organziation (ZOB), members
Jewish resistance and defiance
Liquidation of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, May 1943
Poland (1943)
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Resistance, Jewish
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
The last day of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 16 May 1943
The Holocaust in Poland
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Creators:
German military photographers, 1939 --1945 (1939 --1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 10: RG-25.05.10, NY Times article about the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943, 22 April 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
An American New York Times article reporting the Secret Polish Radio asks for aid but is cut off, related to the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
The New York Times
Secret Polish radio, 1943
American newspaper
American awareness of Nazi atrocities in Europe
Poland (1943)
United States (1939 -- 1945)
Creators:
The New York Times
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 11: RG-25.05.11, Heavily armed German troops clear Muranowski Square of Jewish Resistance Fighters, April, 1943, April 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
Heavily armed German troops clear Muranowski Square of Jewish Resistance Fighters in April 1943. Warsaw Ghetto, Poland.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
The Holocaust in Poland
Jewish resistance
Jewish resistance and defiance
Muranowski Square (Warsaw: Poland)
Jewish Combat Organziation (ZOB), members
Jewish Combat Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa)
Deportations from the Warsaw Ghetto, 1942 -- 1943
Poland (1939--1945)
Resistance, Jewish
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 12: RG-25.05.12, The Monument of Ghetto Heroes, WarsawAdd to your cart.View associated digital content.
A plaque commemorating the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
Post-Holocaust Commemoration
Holocaust, Jewish (1939 -- 1945), commemoration
Commemoration of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
The Monument of Ghetto Heros, Warsaw
Poland (1939 --1945)
Holocaust Memorialization
Warsaw Ghetto Memorial
Creators:
Jewish commemorative organizations (1945--present)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 13: RG-25.05.13, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Photographs, Consolidated, 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A consolidated collection of photographs of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, April-May 1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Poland (1939--1945)
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
The Holocaust in Poland
Jewish resistance
Jewish resistance and defiance
Jewish Combat Organziation (ZOB), members
Jewish Combat Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa)
Resistance, Jewish
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Soldiers, German
Poland (1943)
Association of Jewish Resistance Fighters
Jewish resistance organizations in ghettos, Poland
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, combat tactics
German military operation against Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Jewish resistance members, male
Jewish resistance members, female
Photographs, Jewish resistance members
Creators:
Jewish resistance, photographers (1939-1945)
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 14: RG-25.05.14, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, two male resistance fighters, 1943, 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photographe of two male resistance fighters holding guns during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Poland (1939--1945)
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
The Holocaust in Poland
Jewish resistance
Jewish resistance and defiance
Jewish Combat Organziation (ZOB), members
Jewish Combat Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa)
Resistance, Jewish
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Poland (1943)
Association of Jewish Resistance Fighters
Jewish resistance organizations in ghettos, Poland
Jewish resistance members, male
Photographs, Jewish resistance members
Creators:
Jewish resistance, photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 15: RG-25.05.15, German soldiers watching buildings in the Warsaw ghetto burn during the uprising, 1943, 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of German soldiers watching buildings in the Warsaw ghetto burn during the uprising, 1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Poland (1943)
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
The Holocaust in Poland
Jewish resistance
Destruction of buildings during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Soldiers, German
German military operation against Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Jewish Combat Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa)
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 16: RG-25.05.16, Ruins of the Warsaw Ghetto after it was leveled by the Germans post-uprising, May 1943, May 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A Photograph showing the remains of the Warsaw ghettto after it was destroyed and leveled by the Germans after the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, May 1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1943)
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
The Holocaust in Poland
Jewish resistance
Destruction of buildings during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
German military operation against Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Warsaw ghetto, post-uprising and liquidation
Destruction of the Warsaw ghetto, post-uprising
Poland (1939--1945)
Creators:
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 17: RG-25.05.17, Mordechaj Anielewicz with the members of Hashomer Hatzair in Warsaw, 1937, 1937Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of Mordechaj Anielewicz with the members of Hashomer Hatzair in Warsa (Poland), including Sarenka Rachel Zylberberg, 1937.
Subject/Index Terms:
Mordechaj Anielewicz, commander of the Jewish Combat Organization and the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Poland (1918--1939)
Warsaw (Poland)
Jewish resistance
Photographs, Jewish resistance members
Sarenka Rachel Zylberberg, organizer of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Hashomer Hatzair, Zionist-socialist youth movement
Poland, history
Jews in Poland, 1918--1939
Creators:
Jewish photographer, pre-war Poland (1918-1939)
Sub-Collection 6: RG-25.06, Warsaw ghetto, secondary photographs and documents, 1940 -- 1943Add to your cart.
The Warsaw ghetto  was the largest  of all the Jewish  ghettos in German-occupied Europe during the Second World War. It was established  between October and November 16, 1940 with 400,000 from Warsaw and the vicinities residing in the area of 3.4 square kilometers.
Subject/Index Terms:
ghettoization of Polish cities, 1939 -- 1942
Seclusion of the ghetto territories
Hunger in ghettos, 1939 -- 1945
Hunger in the Warsaw Ghetto
Children in the ghettos
Children in the Warsaw Ghetto
day-to-day life in ghettos
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
Cemeteries at the ghettos, 1939 -1944
Cemetery at the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 -- 1943
Check-points in the ghettos
Check-points in the Warsaw ghetto
Education in the ghettos
Education in the Warsaw ghetto
Poverty and Desperation in the ghettos
Poverty and Desperation in the Warsaw ghetto
Deportations from the Warsaw Ghetto, 1942 -- 1943
Deportations from ghettos
Living conditions in ghettos
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
Business in the ghettos
Business in the Warsaw ghetto
Pedestrian bridges in the ghettos
Pedestrian bridges in the Warsaw ghetto
Food rations in the ghettos
Food rations in the Warsaw Ghetto
Entertainment in the ghettos
Entertainment in the Warsaw ghetto
Mortality in the ghettos
Mortality in the Warsaw ghetto
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
The Holocaust in Poland
Poland (1940 -- 1945)
Creators:
Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 1: RG-25.06.01, Warsaw Ghetto wall, ca 1940, ca 1940Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph showing a fragment of the ghetto wall in Warsaw, ca 1940
Subject/Index Terms:
Seclusion of the ghetto territories
Wall separating the ghetto territory from the rest of the city
Walls separating the Warsaw ghetto from the rest of the city
day-to-day life in ghettos
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
Living conditions in ghettos
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
Anti-Jewish measures and actions, Warsaw, 1939 -- 1945
ghettoization of Polish cities, 1939 -- 1942
Ghettoization of Warsaw, 1940
Smuggling in the ghettos
Smuggling in the Warsaw Ghetto, 1940 --1943
Black market in the ghettos
Black Market in the Warsaw Ghetto, 1940 --1943
Collaboration in ghettos
Collaboration in the Warsaw Ghetto, 1940 --1943
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
The Holocaust in Poland
Poland (1940 -- 1945)
Creators:
Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)
Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 2: RG-25.06.02, Tattered family in the streets of the Warsaw ghetto, 1940-1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph shows hungry and exhausted kids sitting in the yard, Warsaw ghetto, ca 1942
Subject/Index Terms:
Children in the ghettos
Children in the Warsaw Ghetto
Hunger in ghettos, 1939 -- 1945
Hunger in the Warsaw Ghetto
Corruption in the ghettos, 1940 -- 1945
Corruption in the Warsaw ghetto, 1939 -- 1943
Food distribution in the ghettos
Food distribution in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
The Holocaust in Poland
Poland (1939--1945)
Creators:
Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 3: RG-25.06.03, Warsaw Ghetto, Jewish ghetto policeman regulates traffic, ca 1941Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph sowing a Jewish Order Policeman who regulates traffic in the Warsaw ghetto, ca 1941
Subject/Index Terms:
Jewish Order Police in ghettos
Jewish Order Service, policemen
Judischer Ordnungdienst (or Jüdische Ghetto-Polizei, Jewish Ghetto Police)
Jewish Order Police in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943
Corruption in the Warsaw ghetto, 1939 -- 1943
Corruption in the ghettos, 1940 -- 1945
German rules and orders regarding the Warsaw Ghetto
Ghetto self-administration, 1939 -- 1945
Jewish Council (Judenrat) of the Warsaw ghetto
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
day-to-day life in ghettos
Living conditions in ghettos
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
The Holocaust in Poland
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Poland (1939 --1945)
Creators:
Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 4: RG-25.06.04,  Books sold on the street of the Warsaw Ghetto, ca 1941Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph sowing a sale of books in the street of the Warsaw ghetto, ca 1941
Subject/Index Terms:
day-to-day life in ghettos
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
Living conditions in ghettos
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
Books in the ghettos
Books in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943
means of survival in the ghettos
means of survival in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943
Ghetto population
ghetto population, Warsaw ghetto
The Holocaust in Poland
intellectual life in the ghettos
intellectual life in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Poland (1940 -- 1945)
Creators:
Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 5: RG-25.06.05,  Warsaw Ghetto, people in the streets, 1940-1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of people in the streets of the Warsaw Ghetto, aerial shot, 1940--1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
day-to-day life in ghettos
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
ghetto population, Warsaw ghetto
Ghetto population
Living conditions in ghettos
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
The Holocaust in Poland
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1939--1945)
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Photographs, ghettos
Creators:
German photographers in ghettos, 1939-1945 (1939-1945)
Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 6: RG-25.06.06, Jews climb over the Warsaw Ghetto wall, 1940-1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph showing Jews climbing over the wall of the Warsaw ghetto, 1940-1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
day-to-day life in ghettos
ghetto population, Warsaw ghetto
Ghetto population
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
The Holocaust in Poland
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1939--1945)
Food distribution in the ghettos
Smuggling, ghettos
Smuggling in the Warsaw Ghetto, 1940 --1943
Walls separating the Warsaw ghetto from the rest of the city
Creators:
Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 7: RG-25.06.07,  Warsaw Ghetto, Jewish funeral at the cemetery, 1940-1943, 1940-1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of a funderal at a Jewish cemetary in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940-1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Mortality in the Warsaw ghetto
Mortality in the ghettos
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
Poland (1939--1945)
The Holocaust in Poland
Funerals in the ghettos
Cemeteries at the ghettos, 1939 -1944
Cemetery at the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 -- 1943
Creators:
Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 8: RG-25.06.08, Warsaw Ghetto, a Jewish Boy, aftermath of the Uprising,  May 1943, May 1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of a Jewish boy with his hands up in front of German soldiers and other Jewish inhabitants of the Warsaw ghetto in the aftermath of the Warsaw ghetto uprising, May 1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1939--1945)
Poland (1943)
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
The Holocaust in Poland
Jewish resistance
Jewish Combat Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa)
Jewish resistance and defiance
Aftermath of Warsaw ghetto uprising
German military operation against Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Warsaw ghetto, post-uprising
Photographs, Jewish resistance members
Jewish Combat Organziation (ZOB), members
Creators:
German photographers in ghettos, 1939-1945 (1939-1945)
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Jewish resistance, photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 9: RG-25.06.09, A ghetto checkpoint at the Warsaw ghetto, Poland, 1940-1943, 1940--1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of a ghetto check point at the Warsaw Ghetto, Poland, 1940-1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1939--1945)
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Check-points in the ghettos
Check-points in the Warsaw ghetto
day-to-day life in ghettos
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
Creators:
Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
German photographers in ghettos, 1939-1945 (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 10: RG-25.06.10, Warsaw Ghetto, a ghetto entrance, 1940-1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of an entrance to the Warsaw ghetto, a line of people enter the ghetto. Poland, 1940-1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1939--1945)
Entrance to the Warsaw ghetto
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
day-to-day life in ghettos
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
The Holocaust in Poland
Photographs, ghettos
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
Ghetto population
ghetto population, Warsaw ghetto
Creators:
Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
German photographers in ghettos, 1939-1945 (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 11: RG-25.06.11, Warsaw Ghetto, Medical examination in the ghettoAdd to your cart.View associated digital content.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1939--1945)
Medicine in ghettos
medical doctors in the ghettos
Medical care in Warsaw Ghetto
medical doctors in the Holocaust
Health care in the Warsaw ghetto
Health care in the ghettos
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
The Holocaust in Poland
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Photographs, ghettos
Creators:
Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
German photographers in ghettos, 1939-1945 (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 12: RG-25.06.12, Warsaw Ghetto, Prayer in the ghetto, 1940-1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph showing a group of Jewish men praying in the Warsaw Ghetto, Poland, 1940-1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1939--1945)
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
day-to-day life in ghettos
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
Jewish religious life in the Warsaw ghetto
Prayer in the Warsaw ghetto
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Photographs, ghettos
The Holocaust in Poland
Creators:
Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 13: RG-25.06.13, Warsaw Ghetto, Jewish children in the classroom, 1940-1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of children in a classroom in the Warsaw ghetto, Poland, 1940-1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1939--1945)
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
day-to-day life in ghettos
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Education in the Warsaw ghetto
School in ghettos
Children in the Warsaw Ghetto
Photographs, ghettos
Education
Creators:
Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 14: RG-25.06.14, Photograph, Warsaw ghetto, a beggar on the street, 1940--1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of a man begging in the streets of the Warsaw Ghetto, dressed in rags. Poland, 1940-1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
day-to-day life in ghettos
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1939--1945)
Begging in ghettos
Poverty and Desperation in the ghettos
Poverty and Desperation in the Warsaw ghetto
Hunger in ghettos, 1939 -- 1945
Hunger in the Warsaw Ghetto
The Holocaust in Poland
ghetto population, Warsaw ghetto
Creators:
Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
German photographers in ghettos, 1939-1945 (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 15: RG-25.06.15, Warsaw Ghetto, roundup of inhabitants for deportation, 1940-1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of a collection center in the Warsaw ghetto. Jews are being rounded up for deportationl. Poland, 1940-1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1939-1945)
The Holocaust in Poland
Photographs, roundups
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Round-ups and aktion in the ghettos--Poland (1939-1945)
Roundups and Deportations of Jews
Deportations from the Warsaw Ghetto, 1942 -- 1943
Ghetto population
ghetto population, Warsaw ghetto
Creators:
Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
German photographers in ghettos, 1939-1945 (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 16: RG-25.06.16, Warsaw Ghetto, inside a ghetto dwelling, 1940-1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph showing a family inside a Warsaw ghetto dwelling, Poland, 1940-1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1939--1945)
Living conditions in ghettos
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
Family life
Family life in the Warsaw ghetto
Households, Warsaw ghetto
The Holocaust in Poland
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
day-to-day life in ghettos
Creators:
Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)
German photographers in ghettos, 1939-1945 (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 17: RG-25.06.17, Photograph, Warsaw Ghetto, street sale, 1940-1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of a street sale in the Warsaw ghetto. Poland, 1940-1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1939--1945)
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
The Holocaust in Poland
day-to-day life in ghettos
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
Food distribution in the ghettos
Markets in the Warsaw ghetto
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Creators:
Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
German photographers in ghettos, 1939-1945 (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 18: RG-25.06.18, Warsaw Ghetto, pedestrian bridge, 1940--1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of a street scene in the Warsaw ghetto, showing a pedestrian bridge and  a man walking. Poland, 1940--1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1939--1945)
day-to-day life in ghettos
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
Pedestrian bridge, Warsaw ghetto
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Photographs, ghettos
Streets of the Warsaw ghetto
Creators:
Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
German photographers in ghettos, 1939-1945 (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 19: RG-25.06.19,  Warsaw ghetto, a food ration card, 1942Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photocopy of a food ration card from the Warsaw ghetto. Poland, 1940--1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1939--1945)
day-to-day life in ghettos
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
Life conditions in the Warsaw Ghetto
Food distribution in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943
Food distribution in the ghettos
Rationing of food for Jews in German-controlled and occupied territories
Food rations in the Warsaw Ghetto
Documents issued by Jewish Councils (Judenrat), the Second World War
Creators:
German authroties of Warsaw Ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 20: RG-25.06.20, Warsaw ghetto, street entertainer Rubinstein, 1940--1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of Russian street performer, and member of the resistance, Sylvin Rubinstein performing in the Warsaw ghetto. Poland, 1940-1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1939--1945)
Entertainment in the Warsaw ghetto
Street performers, Warsaw ghetto
Rubinstein, Sylvin, street performer in the Warsaw ghetto and member of the Jewish resistance
Jewish resistance
day-to-day life in ghettos
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
Creators:
Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
German photographers in ghettos, 1939-1945 (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 21: RG-25.06.21, Warsaw Ghetto, carting the dead out of the ghetto, 1940--1942Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph showing men with carts of dead bodies leaving the ghetto. Poland, 1940--1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1939--1945)
Mortality in the ghettos
Mortality in the Warsaw ghetto
Living conditions in ghettos
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
day-to-day life in ghettos
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Photographs, ghettos
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
Creators:
Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
German photographers in ghettos, 1939-1945 (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 22: RG-25.06.22,  Warsaw, Jews cleaning rubble, 1940--1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of Jewish men cleaning rubble in the Warsaw ghetto. Poland, 1940--1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1939--1945)
Forced labor in ghettos
Forced labor
Living conditions in ghettos
Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Photographs, ghettos
Creators:
Archival documents of other repositories (1939 --1945)
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 23: RG-25.06.23, Warsaw, Jews cleaning rubble, 1939Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of Jewish men with shovels cleaning rubble. Warsaw, Poland, 1939.
Subject/Index Terms:
Poland (1939--1945)
Forced labor
Warsaw (Poland)
Photographs, German-occupied Poland
Destruction of buildings, Warsaw
Clearing of rubble
Creators:
Archival documents of other repositories (1939 --1945)
German Military Photographers (1939-1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 24: RG-25.06.24, Warsaw, photograph of a Jewish man in forced labor detail, 1939-1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of a bearded Jewish man in forced labor detail. Warsaw, Poland, 1939-1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland)
Poland (1939 --1945)
Forced labor
Photographs, German-occupied Poland
Photographs, Jewish men
Poland (Europe)
Creators:
Archival documents of other repositories (1939 --1945)
German military photographers, 1939 --1945 (1939 --1945)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 25: RG-25.06.25, Warsaw ghetto, Jewish police, Bundesarchiv, 1940--1943Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph of Jewish police in the Warsaw ghetto. Poland, 1939--1943.
Subject/Index Terms:
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Poland (1939 --1945)
Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto
Jewish Order Police
Jewish Order Police in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943
Collaboration in the Warsaw Ghetto, 1940 --1943
Collaboration in ghettos
The Holocaust in Poland
Creators:
Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)
German photographers in ghettos, 1939-1945 (1939-1945)
Sub-Collection 7: RG-25.07, Warsaw Ghetto, Wladyslaw Wójcik CollectionAdd to your cart.

This Collection contains documents relted to Wladyslaw Wojcik who discovered at construction site in Warsaw, on December 1, 1950, two large canisters filled with manuscripts. These manuscripts turned to be a part of the Ringelblum Archive. The construction site was located in territory of the former Warsaw Ghetto. The found documents comprised the ghetto archive collected by Dr. Emanuel Ringelblum and his associatesThe ghetto archive attests to the day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto and as a whole it provides undeniable evidences of the tragic plight of the Jews in the Warsaw ghetto.

Wladyslaw Wojcik, a construction technician, notified about this finding the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw. He handed over the two canisters with the documents of the ghetto chronicle to this Institute.

Wladyslaw Wojcik also passed to the Jewish Historical Institute the prewar and wartime diary narrated in Hebrew by a noted scientist Chaim Aron Kaplan. The Kaplan’s Diaries were smuggled out of ghetto with the help of his disciples, one of whom was Wladyslaw Wojcik’s cousin.

The rest of the documents of this collection deal with Wladyslaw Wojcik’s emigration to the United States. His life in the United Stated was difficult and disproved his anticipation for the recognition. He suffered from poor health, lack of financial support and the indifference on the part of various Jewish organization.

His correspondence with domestic and international Jewish organization proves that largely the Jewish community in the United States and Israel turned a deaf ear on him.  and concealed withing one of the ghetto structures in February 1943.

Subject/Index Terms:
Ringelblum Archive of the Warsaw Ghetto
Chronicles of the ghetto life
Clandestine documentation of the ghetto life
Concealment of the Warsaw ghetto archive
Emanuel Ringelblum
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
Construction works in the former territory of the Warsaw ghetto, 1950
Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw
Wladyslaw Wojcik, construction technician who discovered the Ringelblum Archive, 1950
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Warsaw (Poland)
Poland (1945 -- 1956)
Emigration from Poland, postwar
Immigration to the United States, postwar
Immigrants in the United States, hardships and difficulties
Jewish society and organizations, United States, postwar
Jewish society and organizations, Israel, postwar
Healthcare in the United States, postwar
Institutions of the Holocaust Remembrance
Recognition by the Holocaust Remembrance Institutions
United States (1945--Present)
Creators:
Wladyslaw Wojcik, a person who found the first part of the Ringelblum Archive (1950 -- 1978)
Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw (1964)
Sub-Collection 1: RG-25.07.01, Warsaw Ghetto, Wladyslaw Wojcik Collection, Consolidated, 1950 -- 1978Add to your cart.View associated digital content.

Wladyslaw Wojcik, a construction technician, notified about this finding the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw. He handed over the two canisters with the documents of the ghetto chronicle to this Institute.

Wladyslaw Wojcik also passed to the Jewish Historical Institute the prewar and wartime diary narrated in Hebrew by a noted scientist Chaim Aron Kaplan. The Kaplan’s Diaries were smuggled out of ghetto with the help of his disciples, one of whom was Wladyslaw Wojcik’s cousin.

The rest of the documents of this collection deal with Wladyslaw Wojcik’s emigration to the United States. His life in the United Stated was difficult and disproved his anticipation for the recognition. He suffered from poor health, lack of financial support and the indifference on the part of various Jewish organization.

His correspondence with domestic and international Jewish organization proves that largely the Jewish community in the United States and Israel turned a deaf ear on him.

Subject/Index Terms:
Wladyslaw Wojcik, construction technician who discovered the Ringelblum Archive, 1950
Construction works in the former territory of the Warsaw ghetto, 1950
Ringelblum Archive of the Warsaw Ghetto
Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw
Emigration from Poland, postwar
Institutions of the Holocaust Remembrance
Yad Vashem, Israeli Holocaust remembrance authority, museum and archive
Recognition by the Holocaust Remembrance Institutions
Righteous Among the Nations
Immigration to the United States, postwar
Jewish society and organizations, Israel, postwar
Jewish society and organizations, United States, postwar
Healthcare in the United States, postwar
Correspondence between Wladyslaw Wojcik and Jewish Organizations in the United States and Israel
day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Territory of the former Warsaw Ghetto, Warsaw, 1950
Poland (1945 -- 1956)
United States (1950 -- 1978)
Deception of the life in the United States
Creators:
Wladyslaw Wojcik, a person who found the first part of the Ringelblum Archive (1950 -- 1978)
Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw (1964)
Consulate General of Israel, New York (1969)
Yad Vashem, Holocaust Remembrance Authority (1953 -- present)
The World Jewish Congress (1936 -- present)
Irving Rappaport, M.D. (1977 -- 1978)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 2: RG-25.07.02, Certified Letter, Appeal from Wladyslaw Wojcik to the Jewish Organization, 1978, September 1978Add to your cart.View associated digital content.

An appeal from Wladyslaw Wojcik to the Jewish Religion and Social-Philantropies Organization/Jewish Organization for material assistance in the form of a loan or gift on humanitarian grounds. September 1978.

Wojcik discusses his heart failure and consequent disability, and his inability to pay his hospital bills on the funding provided by Social Security. He notes that some of his health problems are due to his internement, starvation and torture by the Gestapo in Warsaw, a result of his offering of assistance to Jews in Warsaw. He also discusses how he  saved documents from the Warsaw ghetto. This is his second appeal to this particular organization, although he notes that he has appealed to several other Jewish organizations, but there was no response. He concludes his appeal by listing the hardships he has experienced, from the regieme under Hitler, to Stalinist influence, to health, emotional and marital problems in the United States.

Subject/Index Terms:
Deception of the life in the United States
Emigration from Poland, postwar
Immigration to the United States, postwar
Ringelblum Archive of the Warsaw Ghetto
United States (1950 -- 1978)
Correspondence between Wladyslaw Wojcik and Jewish Organizations in the United States and Israel
Appeal for assistance from Jewish organizations, post-war
Wladyslaw Wojcik, construction technician who discovered the Ringelblum Archive, 1950
Healthcare in the United States, postwar
Jewish society and organizations, United States, postwar
Jewish society and organizations, Israel, postwar
Creators:
Wladyslaw Wojcik, a person who found the first part of the Ringelblum Archive (1950 -- 1978)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 3: RG-25.07.03, New Year's Greetings to Wladyslaw Wojcik from Tel Aviv, 1964, 1 January 1964Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A letter of greeting to Wladyslaw Wojcik from a Jewish organization in Tel Aviv, January 1st 1964. The letter wishes Wladyslaw Wojcik the best for the New Year, and thanks him for his support and assistance to Jews during WWII in Warsaw. The letter also mentions a gift given to Wojcik from the organization.
Subject/Index Terms:
Correspondence between Wladyslaw Wojcik and Jewish Organizations in the United States and Israel
Wladyslaw Wojcik, construction technician who discovered the Ringelblum Archive, 1950
Jewish society and organizations, Israel, postwar
United States (1950 -- 1978)
New Year's greetings to Wladyslaw Wojcik from Jewish organizations
Non-Jewish assistance of Jews
Recognition by the Holocaust Remembrance Institutions
Acknowledgement of non-Jewish assistance of Jews during the Holocaust, postwar
New Year's card
Creators:
The World Jewish Congress (1936 -- present)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 4: RG-25.07.04, Certificate from the Jewish Historical Institute recognizing documents found in the Warsaw ghetto by Wladyslaw Wojcik, August 1964Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
An English translation of a Polish certificate from the Jewish Historical Institute recognizing the discovery of docuements in the Warsaw ghetto (the Ringelblum Archive) by Wladyslaw Wojcik, dated August 1964. The discovery occured in 1950. This is an English translation of the original Polish certificate.
Subject/Index Terms:
Correspondence between Wladyslaw Wojcik and Jewish Organizations in the United States and Israel
Wladyslaw Wojcik, construction technician who discovered the Ringelblum Archive, 1950
Recognition by the Holocaust Remembrance Institutions
Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw
Ringelblum Archive of the Warsaw Ghetto
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Construction works in the former territory of the Warsaw ghetto, 1950
Creators:
Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw (1964)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 5: RG-25.07.05, Certificate from the Jewish Historical Institute, Polish, August 1964Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
Polish version of RG-25.07.04, a certificate from the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw to Wladyslaw Wojcik recognizing the discovery of documents (the Ringelblum Archive) by Wladyslaw Wojcik during construction on the former site of the Warsaw ghetto, 1950.
Subject/Index Terms:
Correspondence between Wladyslaw Wojcik and Jewish Organizations in the United States and Israel
Wladyslaw Wojcik, construction technician who discovered the Ringelblum Archive, 1950
Recognition by the Holocaust Remembrance Institutions
Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw
Ringelblum Archive of the Warsaw Ghetto
Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland: ghetto)
Construction works in the former territory of the Warsaw ghetto, 1950
Creators:
Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw (1964)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 6: RG-25.07.06, Recognition Diploma from Yad Vashem to Wladyslaw Wojcik, 1964, 1 May 1964Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A diploma of recognition from Yad Vashem to Wladyslaw Wojcik, recognizing his discovery of the Ringelblum Archive in the Warsaw Ghetto and his assistance to Jews in Warsaw during the Second World War. The diploma states that a tree was planted in his name on the Righteous Among the Nations and the Mountain of Remembrance in Jerusalem. In French and Hebrew, dated 1 May 1964.
Subject/Index Terms:
Correspondence between Wladyslaw Wojcik and Jewish Organizations in the United States and Israel
Yad Vashem, Israeli Holocaust remembrance authority, museum and archive
Jerusalem (Israel)
Jewish society and organizations, Israel, postwar
Wladyslaw Wojcik, construction technician who discovered the Ringelblum Archive, 1950
letters of recognition and appreciation
Recognition by the Holocaust Remembrance Institutions
Rewards and Recognitions
Righteous Among the Nations
Creators:
Yad Vashem, Holocaust Remembrance Authority (1953 -- present)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 7: RG-25.07.07, Letter from the World Jewish Congress to Wladyslaw Wojcik, 28 March 1968Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A letter from the New York branch of the World Jewish Congress in response to Wladyslaw Wojcik's appeal for financial assistance. The letter recognizes Wojcik's service to Jews during the Second World War, but says they have no funding to offer Wojick.
Subject/Index Terms:
Correspondence between Wladyslaw Wojcik and Jewish Organizations in the United States and Israel
United States (1950 -- 1978)
Wladyslaw Wojcik, construction technician who discovered the Ringelblum Archive, 1950
Deception of the life in the United States
Jewish society and organizations, United States, postwar
Recognition by the Holocaust Remembrance Institutions
Appeal for assistance from Jewish organizations, post-war
Immigration to the United States, postwar
Emigration from Poland, postwar
Jewish organization's rejection of financial appeals
Creators:
The World Jewish Congress (1936 -- present)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 8: RG-25.07.08, Letter from Dr. Irving Rappaport verifying Wladyslaw Wojcik’s health problems, 1978, 7 July 1978Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A letter from Irving Rappaport, M.D of New York, listing the health problems of Wladyslaw Wojcik, verifying his heart problems, and noting that Wojcik is under Rappaport's medical sueprvision.  There is a list of Wojcik's medications included in the letter. The letter is dated 7 July 1978.
Subject/Index Terms:
Healthcare in the United States, postwar
United States (1950 -- 1978)
New York (New York, United States)
Wladyslaw Wojcik, construction technician who discovered the Ringelblum Archive, 1950
Health problems, postwar
Deception of the life in the United States
Emigration from Poland, postwar
Immigration to the United States, postwar
Creators:
Irving Rappaport, M.D. (1977 -- 1978)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 9: RG-25.07.09, Letter from Moshe Landau, President of the Martyrs’ and Heroes’ Remembrance Authority, to Władysław Wójcik, 15 August 1968Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A letter from Moshe Landau, President of the Martyrs and Heroes' Remembrance Authority at Yad Vashem to Wladyslaw Wojcik. The letter states that Wojcik has been named Righteous Among the Nations due to his assistance of Jews under German occupation during the Second World War and will have a diploma sent to him and a tree planted in his honor on the Mountain of Remembrance in Jerusalem. The letter is in French and is dated 15 August 1968.
Subject/Index Terms:
Correspondence between Wladyslaw Wojcik and Jewish Organizations in the United States and Israel
Yad Vashem, Israeli Holocaust remembrance authority, museum and archive
Jerusalem (Israel)
Jewish society and organizations, Israel, postwar
Wladyslaw Wojcik, construction technician who discovered the Ringelblum Archive, 1950
letters of recognition and appreciation
Recognition by the Holocaust Remembrance Institutions
Rewards and Recognitions
Righteous Among the Nations
Creators:
Yad Vashem, Holocaust Remembrance Authority (1953 -- present)
Moshe Landau, President of the Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority, Yad Vashem (1978)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 10: RG-25.07.10, Invitation to Władysław Wójcik to receive a Righteous Among the Nations Award, 30 January 1969Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A letter from the Consulate General of Israel in New York inviting Wladyslaw Wojcik to receive the certificate of inclusion among the Righteous. A Ceremony is listed to occur on February 20, 1969. The letter is dated 30 January 1969.
Subject/Index Terms:
New York (New York, United States)
United States (1950 -- 1978)
Wladyslaw Wojcik, construction technician who discovered the Ringelblum Archive, 1950
Correspondence between Wladyslaw Wojcik and Jewish Organizations in the United States and Israel
Consulate General of Israel
Righteous Among the Nations
Recognition by the Holocaust Remembrance Institutions
Rewards and Recognitions
letters of recognition and appreciation
Creators:
Consulate General of Israel, New York (1969)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 11: RG-25.07.11, Photograph, Władysław Wójcik Accepting his Righteous Among the Nations Award, photocopy, 20 February 1969Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A photograph showing Wladslaw Wojcik accepting hsi Righteous Among the Nations award in New York, 20 Febrary 1969. He is shaking hands with the General Consul of Israel, Mr. N. Eshkol.
Subject/Index Terms:
New York (New York, United States)
United States (1950 -- 1978)
Wladyslaw Wojcik, construction technician who discovered the Ringelblum Archive, 1950
Consulate General of Israel
Righteous Among the Nations
Rewards and Recognitions
letters of recognition and appreciation
Correspondence between Wladyslaw Wojcik and Jewish Organizations in the United States and Israel
Award ceremony, Righteous Among the Nations
Creators:
Consulate General of Israel, New York (1969)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 12: RG-25.07.12, Israel’s Tribute to the Righteous, opening remarks, 1969, 20 February 1969Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
The opening remarks of Israel's Tribute to the Righteous, delivered by Consul General fo Israel Mr. R. Amir. Ceremony took place of 20 February 1969 in New York. Wladyslaw Wojcik was honored at this ceremony.
Subject/Index Terms:
New York (New York, United States)
United States (1950 -- 1978)
Wladyslaw Wojcik, construction technician who discovered the Ringelblum Archive, 1950
Award ceremony, Righteous Among the Nations
Righteous Among the Nations
Consulate General of Israel
Rewards and Recognitions
Righteous Among the Nations ceremony, speeches
Creators:
Consulate General of Israel, New York (1969)
Document/Artifact of Item-Level 13: RG-25.07.13, Letter from Consul of Israel to Wladyslaw Wojcik, thanking him for attending Righteous Among the Nations ceremony, 6 March 1969Add to your cart.View associated digital content.
A letter from the General Counsl of Israel in New York to Waladyslaw Wojcik thanking him for attending the Righteous Among the Nations ceremony that was held in February 1969. The letter mentions photos from the ceremony. In English, dated 6 March 1969.
Subject/Index Terms:
Consulate General of Israel
New York (New York, United States)
United States (1950 -- 1978)
Award ceremony, Righteous Among the Nations
Correspondence between Wladyslaw Wojcik and Jewish Organizations in the United States and Israel
Rewards and Recognitions
letters of recognition and appreciation
Wladyslaw Wojcik, construction technician who discovered the Ringelblum Archive, 1950
Creators:
Consulate General of Israel, New York (1969)

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[Sub-Collection 1: RG -25.01, Warsaw Ghetto, photodocuments, 1940 -- 1943],
[Sub-Collection 2: RG -25.02, Warsaw Ghetto, forced stripping photographs, ca 1943],
[Sub-Collection 3: RG-25.03, Warsaw Ghetto, Photographs of the Street-Scenes, 1940 -- 1943],
[Sub-Collection 4: RG-25.04, Documents Issued by German Authorities and Jewish Council of the Warsaw Ghetto, 1940 -- 1943, 1940 --1943],
[Sub-Collection 5: RG-25.05, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, April -- May 1943],
[Sub-Collection 6: RG-25.06, Warsaw ghetto, secondary photographs and documents, 1940 -- 1943],
[Sub-Collection 7: RG-25.07, Warsaw Ghetto, Wladyslaw Wójcik Collection],
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