Der Stuermer (The Attacker), Illustrierter Beobachter (Illustrative Observer), Die Sirene (Siren), 1933-1939

Collection Overview

Title: Der Stuermer (The Attacker), Illustrierter Beobachter (Illustrative Observer), Die Sirene (Siren), 1933-1939

Predominant Dates:1936 -- 1939

ID: RG-85/RG-85

Creator: Der Stuermer, the founder and editorial board and publisher Julius Streicher (1923 -- 1945)

Extent: 1.0 Boxes

Languages: German [ger]

Abstract

Scope and Contents of the Materials

All these periodicals are of Nationalist-Socialist ideology. However, Der Stuermer is notoriously known for its vulgar and barbaric antisemitism, while the Illustrative Observer and The Siren are typical Nazi-German publications glorifying the regime and oriented on the support of German military cause.

Der Stürmer (the Attacker) was a weekly tabloid-format Nazi newspaper published by Julius Streicher (a prominent official in the Nazi Party) from 1923 to the end of the Second World War, with brief suspensions in publication due to legal difficulties. It was a significant part of Nazi propaganda and was vehemently antisemitic. Unlike the Völkischer Beobachter (translatable as The People's Observer), the official party paper which gave itself an outwardly serious appearance, Der Stürmer often ran obscene material such as antisemitic caricatures of Jews and accusations of blood libel, plus sexually explicit, anti-Catholic, anti-Communist, anti-capitalist and anti-monarchist propaganda also too.

The newspaper originated at Nuremberg during Hitler's attempt to establish power and control. During the struggle to achieve power, Streicher was accused by the opposition of the Nazi party as being "a liar, a coward, of having unsavory friends, mistreating his wife and of flirting with women". Despite the accusations, the first copy of Der Stürmer was published April 20, 1923. Der Stürmer’s circulation grew over time, distributing to a large percentage of the German population as well as Argentina, Brazil, Canada and the United States.

Between August 1941 and September 1944, Streicher authorized articles demanding the annihilation and extermination of the Jewish race. After the war, he was convicted of crimes against humanity and executed.

Illustrierter Beobachter (Illustrated Observer) was an illustrated propaganda magazine published by the German National Socialist Party. It was published from 1926 to 1945 in Munich, and edited by Hermann Esser.

It began as a monthly publication and its first issue showed members of the Bamberger Nationalist Party of a Jewish Synagogue and denounced Jacob Rosny Rosenstein, a potential Nobel Laureate as a "disgrace to German culture". Special editions denounced England and France for starting the war.

Biographical Note

Der Stürmer (pronounced (the Attacker) was a weekly tabloid-format Nazi newspaper published by Julius Streicher (a prominent official in the Nazi Party) from 1923 to the end of the Second World War, with brief suspensions in publication due to legal difficulties. It was a significant part of Nazi propaganda and was vehemently antisemitic. Unlike the Völkischer Beobachter (translatable as The People's Observer), the official party paper which gave itself an outwardly serious appearance, Der Stürmer often ran obscene material such as antisemitic caricatures of Jews and accusations of blood libel, plus sexually explicit, anti-Catholic, anti-Communist, anti-capitalist and anti-monarchist propaganda also too.

Box and Folder Listing

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 1: RG-85.01, Der Stuermer, October 1936, No. 41, October, 1936

This document is from a pre-WWII Nazi periodical entitled, Der Stuermer (The Attacker), published in October, 1936. The periodical includes anti-semitic and anti-Bolshevist caricatures, including articles that perceive negative connotations between Jews and the economy.

October, 1936, No. 41.

Subject/Index Terms:: "Der Juden sind unser Unglueck!" the motto of Der Stuermer; "The Jews are our misfortune!" the motto of Der Stuermer; Accusation of blood libel, antisemitism; Accusation of blood libel, Der Stuermer; Anti-Jewish caricatures, German; Anti-Jewish caricatures, German, Der Stuermer; Anti-Soviet political cartoons, 1930s; Documents in German language; Germany (1933 -- 1939); Illustrative news in Nazi-German periodicals; Nazi-German political propaganda; Nuremberg (Germany); Periodicals, Nazi; The theory of world Jewish conspiracy, Nazi conception, Der Stuermer; Julius Streicher, founder of Der Stuermer, Nazi publisher; Belgium (1918 --1940); The First World War, 1914 -- 1918

Creators:: Der Stuermer, the founder and editorial board and publisher Julius Streicher (1923 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 2: RG-85.02, Der Stuermer, January 1937, No. 1, January, 1937

This document is a Nazi weekly periodical entitled, Der Stuermer (The Attacker). Included in the articles are slanderous claims used to slant the public scope against Judaism and Jews. The front page headline reads, "Our Belief", and outlines changes needed for Germany to became economically stable.

An article investigates the Fascist activity of Oswald Mosley in England, and includes a photograph of an English citizen holding an antisemitic poster.

Subject/Index Terms:: Antisemitism in Great Britain; Germany (1933 -- 1939); "Der Juden sind unser Unglueck!" the motto of Der Stuermer; "The Jews are our misfortune!" the motto of Der Stuermer; Der Stuermer (Sturmer, the Attacker), Nati urdently antisemitic and yellow type press periodical; Documents in German language; Nazi-German political propaganda; Nazi antisemitic propaganda; Antisemitic caricatures, German; Philipp Rupprecht, antisemitic cartoonist, Der Stuermer; Primitivism, barbarism and vulgarity of Nazi antisemitic publications, 1923 -- 1945, Der Stuermer; Victims of the stalinist regime in the USSR; The USSR (1922--1939); The theory of world Jewish conspiracy, Nazi conception, Der Stuermer; Japan (1936--1945); Japanese Jews, through the prism of Der Stuermer; English fascism; Oswald Mosley, founder of the British Union of Fascists

Creators:: Der Stuermer, the founder and editorial board and publisher Julius Streicher (1923 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 3: RG-85.03, Der Stuermer, October 1936, No. 44, October, 1936

This Nazi sympathetic tabloid publication, Der Stuermer (The Attacker), was an example of yellow journalism, in effect to spread Nazi sympathy and Jewish paranoia in pre-WWII Nazi Germany.

Articles claim Jewish schemes set up to undermine German famlies, and a seperate article expresses contempt that Jews and Negros consisted of New York city officials.

Subject/Index Terms:: "Der Juden sind unser Unglueck!" the motto of Der Stuermer; "The Jews are our misfortune!" the motto of Der Stuermer; Anti-Jewish caricatures, German, Der Stuermer; Anti-Soviet political cartoons, 1930s; Anti-Soviet satire, 1930s; Der Stuermer (Sturmer, the Attacker), Nati urdently antisemitic and yellow type press periodical; Documents in German language; Julius Streicher, founder of Der Stuermer, Nazi publisher; Germany (1933 -- 1939); Illustrative news in Nazi-German periodicals; Nazi-German political propaganda; Philipp Rupprecht, antisemitic cartoonist, Der Stuermer; Periodicals, Nazi; Nazi antisemitic propaganda; Primitivism, barbarism and vulgarity of Nazi antisemitic publications, 1923 -- 1945, Der Stuermer; The theory of world Jewish conspiracy, Nazi conception, Der Stuermer; New York (New York, United States); Judeo-Bolshevism in Nazi-German propaganda; Accusation of Bolshevism and Jewish domination, Der Stuermer

Creators:: Der Stuermer, the founder and editorial board and publisher Julius Streicher (1923 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 4: RG-85.04, Der Stuermer. September 1936, No. 38, September, 1936

Nazi sympathetic publication, Der Stuermer, is an example of yellow journalism (lack of credibility) in order to stir antisemitism in Nazi Germany preceding World War II. Editor and founder Julius Streicher commisioned cartoonist Philipp Rupprecht, 'Fips', to draw antisemitic caricatures. The cartoon attributed to the cover page depicts Jews as 'Gangsters', and articles highlight crimes committed by Jews.

To make up for the lack of factual news, Der Stuermer continuously printed articles and photographs of German citizens 'supporting' the publication.

A unique article from this news release covers an all-Russian antisemitic march in Manchukuo.

Subject/Index Terms:: "Der Juden sind unser Unglueck!" the motto of Der Stuermer; Oswald Mosley, founder of the British Union of Fascists; Fascist ideology, British; Great Britain (1920-1938); Joseph Stalin, General Secretary of the Party and Prime Minister of the USSR, 1879 -- 1953; United States (1900 -- 1939); The USSR (1922--1939); Moscow (the USSR); Spain (Europe); Jewish Community of Berlin, 1900 -- 1945; "German Weekly Newspaper in the Fight for Truth," the motto of Der Stuermer; "The Jews are our misfortune!" the motto of Der Stuermer; Anti-Jewish caricatures, German, Der Stuermer; Anti-Soviet political cartoons, 1930s; Der Stuermer (Sturmer, the Attacker), Nati urdently antisemitic and yellow type press periodical; Documents in German language; Germany (1933 -- 1939); Illustrative news in Nazi-German periodicals; Julius Streicher, founder of Der Stuermer, Nazi publisher; Nazi-German political propaganda; Nazi anti-Bolshevik racial and political propaganda; Nazi antisemitic propaganda; Periodicals, Nazi; Philipp Rupprecht, antisemitic cartoonist, Der Stuermer; Primitivism, barbarism and vulgarity of Nazi antisemitic publications, 1923 -- 1945, Der Stuermer; Repressions and persecutions in the USSR under the Stalinist regime; The Spanish Civil War, 1936 -- 1939; Victims of the stalinist regime in the USSR; The theory of world Jewish conspiracy, Nazi conception, Der Stuermer; Communism in the United States, portrayed by Der Stuermer

Creators:: Der Stuermer, the founder and editorial board and publisher Julius Streicher (1923 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 5: RG-85.05, Illustrierter Beobachter. Sunday. March 20, 1938. No. 13, 20 March, 1938

The Nazi Party's weekly illustrated newspaper entitled, Illustrierter Beobachter (Ilustrative Observer), published pro-National Socialist slanted articles regarding the advancement of Nazi sentiment and military. The periodical is mostly image-based and text is used solely for caption descriptions of the images. The Nazi periodical was published between 1934--1945.

This specific issued of Illustrierter Beobachter from March 20, 1938 highlights the 'liberation of Austria' as Nazi troops occupied Austria in what is known as the Anschluss. Images printed include Nazi leader, Adolf Hitler, being welcomed into Austria with flowers and hugs from Austrian citizens, and addressing Austrians in Vienna with a speech. Additional images feature Nazi Minister of Propaganda, Dr. Joseph Goebbels, and numerous images show Austrian citizens greeting invading Nazis into various cities such as the German-Austrian border city of Salzburg.

Subject/Index Terms:: Anschluss of Austria in photo-documents, Illustrierter Beobachter, March 1938; Anschluss of Austria, March 1938; Periodicals, photo-documents, Adolf Hitler; Austria (1933-1939); Photographs, German-annexed Austria; Vienna (Austria); Salzburg (Austria); Documents in German language; Germany (Europe); Germany (1933 -- 1939); Heinrich Hoffman, Nazi-German photographer, works in Illustrierter Beobachter; Herman Esser, editor of Illustrierter Beobachter, Nazi-German periodical; Illustrative news in Nazi-German periodicals; Illustrierter Beobachter (the Illustrative Observer), Nazi-German periodical; Josef Goebbels, photo-document in Illustrierter Beobachter, 1938; Joseph Goebbels, Nazi-German politician, Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany; International news through the prism of Illustrierter Beobachter; Nazi-German political propaganda, Illustrierter Beobachter; Nazi antisemitic propaganda; Periodicals, Nazi; German Armed Forces, Wehrmacht

Creators:: Illustrierter Beobachter, founders, editorial board, Hermann Esser, publisher (1926 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 6: RG-85.06, Illustrierter Beobachter. Special Edition., circa 1937

This issue of Illustrierter Beobachter (Illusrated Observer) is a full-frontal attack on Communism known as the Anti-Komintern. In the text, the issue describes Nazi leader Adolf Hitler's decision to declare war on Jewish Bolshevism.

This issue discusses the vague connection between Judaism and Bolshevism, and focuses on the brutal aftermath of Bolshevik uprisings around the world, including in Copenhagen, Spain, USA, Ukraine, Argentina, Brazil, England, Austria etc.

Portraits of so-called Jewish Bolshevists such as Hungary's Bela Kun are included and labeled as terrorist, Jewish, and Communist.

The illustrative perodical also includes images from womens rights/child labor movements in England, Spain, and USA, relating their protests against imperialism, child labor, and lack of womens rights, to Bolshevism sentiment.

Imagery from a communist militia's attack on the Carmelite monastery in Madrid (Spain) is documented as a Communist problem in the Spanish Civil War.

Lastly, the final article discusses the crippled economy of Stalin's USSR with astonishing images of malnourished corpses in wheelbarrows and raised food prices.

ca. 1937

Subject/Index Terms:: Anti-Komintern, through the lens of Illustrierter Beobachter; Anti-Soviet propaganda, Nazi; Nazi anti-Bolshevik racial and political propaganda in Illustrierter Beobachter; Demonstration against child labor in America through the prism of Illustrierter Beobachter; Destruction of religious institutions in the USSR through the prism of Illustrierter Beobachter; Documents in German language; Famine in the USSR under the stalinist regime, the fate of children, Illustrierter Beobachter; Germany (1933 -- 1939); Heinrich Hoffman, Nazi-German photographer, works in Illustrierter Beobachter; Herman Esser, editor of Illustrierter Beobachter, Nazi-German periodical; Illustrative news in Nazi-German periodicals; Illustrierter Beobachter (the Illustrative Observer), Nazi-German periodical; International news through the prism of Illustrierter Beobachter; Labor conflicts in the world through the prism of Illustrierter Beobachter; Movements against child labor; Narratives in German language; Nazi-German anti-communist propaganda, Illustrierter Beobachter; Nazi-German anti-Jewish propaganda, Illustrierter Beobachter; Nazi-German political propaganda; Nazi-German political propaganda, Illustrierter Beobachter; Nazi antisemitic propaganda; Periodicals, Nazi; Munich (Germany); Political confrontations in the world through the prism of Illustrierter Beobachter; Portraying women's movement in America as Jewish bolshevik movemetn in Illustirerter Beobachter; Primitivism, barbarism and vulgarity of Nazi antisemitic publications, 1933 -- 1945; Repressions and persecutions in the USSR under the Stalinist regime, Illustrierter Beobachter; Stalin's dictatorship in the USSR; Joseph Stalin, General Secretary of the Party and Prime Minister of the USSR, 1879 -- 1953; The Spanish Civil War, 1936 -- 1939; The Spanish Civil War, 1936 -- 1939 through the prism of Illustrierter Beobachter; The Stalin's dictorship in the USSR through the prism of Illustrierter Beobachter; The theory of world Jewish conspiracy, Nazi conception; The USSR (1922--1939); Victims of the stalinist regime in the USSR through the prism of Illustrierter Beobachter; Women's movement for civil and political rights; Anti-Communist propaganda, German; New Jersey (USA: State); United States (1900 -- 1939); Copenhagen (Denmark); Denmark (Europe); California (USA); Madrid (Spain); Spain (Europe); London (England); Great Britain (1920-1938); Minneapolis (Minnesota); Europe (1933-1945); Photographs, pre-Second World War; Paris (France); France (Europe); Vienna (Austria); Austria (1933-1939); Portugal (1939 -- 1945); Brazil (1939 -- 1945); Kiev (Soviet Union); Ukraine (Europe); Moscow (the USSR); Hungary (Europe); Budapest (Hungary); Bulgaria (1939--1945); Boston (Massachusetts, United States); Prominent public and politica figurers of Jewish descent in Communist movement; Anarchist ideology; Anarchism in Spain, through the lens of Illustrierter Beobachter; Siberia (Russia)

Creators:: Illustrierter Beobachter, founders, editorial board, Hermann Esser, publisher (1926 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 7: RG-85.07, Die Sirene. November 1936, No. 24, November, 1936

Die Sirene (The Siren) was a Nazi German military-based periodical during the pre-WWII era. This issue was released on 24 November, 1936.

Die Sirene's primary motive was to promote the advancement of Nazi German military strength, as the cover story delves into an illustrated article about the strength and honor related to the German RLB, or Reichsluftschutzbunde (Reich Air Protection Association). Initially, the RLB was a voluntary organization staffed by hundreds of volunteers, glorified in their service on page 655 of this issue of Die Sirene. With heightened militarization, by 1935 (one year before this issue was printed), membership in the RLB became obligatory for nearly all Germans. This issue seems to convey that service in the RLB makes a man "great" and proud to serve Germany in its military efforts.

A following article entitled, "Experiences of an American Soldier", discusses America's military occupation and overseeing of the Panama Canal. The article, along with images, observes the diversity of American military weaponry and military formations used to guard the American post. A caption tells that Americans anticipate an attack by air rather than by sea.

An additional article discusses the transformation of European colonial rule in Africa and India, from the spectrum of 17th Century to 1936.

Subject/Index Terms:: Reichsluftschutzbund (RLB), National Air Raid Protection League; Nazi Propaganda; Die Sirene (The Siren), German and international news magazine, Nazi Germany; Germany (1933 -- 1939); Illustrative News in Nazi-German periodicals, Die Sirene; Illustrative news in Nazi-German periodicals; Nazi-German political propaganda; Periodicals, Nazi; Documents in German language; Military history through the prism of Die Sirene; Panama Canal (South America); American control of Panama Canal, through the lens of Die Sirene; German military authority, 1933-1945; NSDAP and Nazi Germany, party and government officials; U.S. Military Government; British colonialism, India; Nazi war propaganda for the military and German people; European colonial rule in India and Africa, through the lens of Die Sirene; India (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German control of French colonies in Africa; Geopolitical situation in Africa, pre-World War II; Soldiers, American; Berlin (Germany); Luftwaffe (German Air Force); Wehrmacht, unified German armed forces, 1935 -- 1946; Periodical of Wehrmacht, Wehrmacht, 1936 -- 1944; Hitler Youth (Hitlerjugend) organization, a youth organization of the Nazi party, 1922 -- 1945; naval operations, German; Bergen (Germany)

Creators:: Die Sirene (The Siren), editorial board and contributors (1933 -- 1939)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 8: RG-85.08, Die Sirene. December 1936, No. 25, December, 1936

This issue of Die Sirene (The Siren) continues its propaganda glorifying German military and the Reichsluftschutzbund, or German National Air Raid Protection League. Articles discuss RLB uniforms, and the RLB at work to reduce damages from an air raid test.

A seperate article discusses Sino-German relations, regarding trade and diplomatic relations.

An additional article reports on British troop shortage and its propagandic effort to enlist British men into the British forces.

Subject/Index Terms:: Die Sirene (The Siren), German and international news magazine, Nazi Germany; Documents in German language; Germany (1933 -- 1939); Illustrative News in Nazi-German periodicals, Die Sirene; Military history through the prism of Die Sirene; Narratives in German language; Nazi-German political propaganda; Nazi Propaganda; Reichsluftschutzbund (RLB), National Air Raid Protection League; Illustrative news in Nazi-German periodicals; Periodicals, Nazi; German military authority, 1933-1945; NSDAP and Nazi Germany, party and government officials; Nazi war propaganda for the military and German people; Berlin (Germany); Luftwaffe (German Air Force); Wehrmacht, unified German armed forces, 1935 -- 1946; Periodical of Wehrmacht, Wehrmacht, 1936 -- 1944; China (1912--1949); Sino-German relations, depicted by Die Sirene; Military Uniforms (Nazi-German); Armed Forces, British; British soldiers; Great Britain (1920-1938)

Creators:: Die Sirene (The Siren), editorial board and contributors (1933 -- 1939)