Photo Archive of the Holocaust, 1939-1945 | Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust

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Collection Overview

Title: Photo Archive of the Holocaust, 1939-1945

Predominant Dates:1939 -- 1945

ID: RG-45/RG-45

Primary Creator: Archival documents of other repositories (1939 --1945)

Other Creators: Holocaust Repositories, Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust

Extent: 0.0

Arrangement: Materials are arranged by subject/creator, then by identifier, as assigned by the processor

Forms of Material: Jews of Germany, History of Weimar Republic and early Nazi Germany, narrative, Wooden Synagogue, Lancut, Poland

Languages: Polish, German, English

Abstract

A collection of photo-documents from the Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust and from the other repositories.

Overall, these are secondary photo-documents reflecting Nazi-German atrocities, life in the ghettos and concentration camps and day-to-day life in the German-occupied and controlled territories

Scope and Contents of the Materials

This Record Group comprises three collections, namely Negartives of the Photo-Documents; Secondary Photo-Documents and Poland, wartime photo-documents and the photo-documents from Polish repositories.

Collection Historical Note

A collection of secondary materials gathered for the purpose of exhibit-building for the new Museum building opening in October 2010. The secondary materials were gathered from other institution, historical publications and educational material, and resources available to the public through the internet. As these documents were gathered for exhibit research, not all images were used for the permanent exhibit. Information on images used throughout the museum in its permanent exhibit can be found in reference to Museum Curatorship documents. In this record group, there is one sub-collection of negatives that has its own finding aid. In terms of regional affiliation, this record group comprises images of the big ghettos, such as Warsaw, Lodz, as well as from the smaller ghettos like Tarnów, Zablocie. Therefore the images are organized roughly according to region and theme but have no sub-collections.

RG-45.01, Negatives

RG-45.01.01, All That Remained Photo Montage

Accession #: 82.44

Accession Date: 19 February 1982

Photo montage of piles of glasses, combs, hair, shoes, shaving brushes, toothbrushes, artificial limbs, and dishes

RG-45.01.02, Caption about humanitarian documents. The caption starts with “Read how the most righteous humanitarian documents called ‘Statement of the German Atrocities’ signed by Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill did not list the name of a Jew under its victims in Sept. 1944…”

RG-45.01.03, Caption only for Nazi notice for executed Poles, names of those who hid Jews underlined

Accession #: 84.84

Accession Date: 30 April 1984

Caption only, for Nazi notice for executed Poles, names of those who hid Jews underlined

RG-45.01.04, Captions only, starting with Deportation of German Jews

Accession #: 84.84

Accession Date: 30 April 1984

Captions, starting with “Deportation of German Jews.” Part of Jewish Federation Captions

RG-45.01.05, Captions only, starting with November 1938 Aryanization

Accession #: 84.84

Accession Date: 30 April 1984

Captions only, starting with November 1938 Aryanization. Part of Jewish Federation Captions

RG-45.01.06, Children not able to leave - Zbaszyn, Poland, 1939

Dated: 1939

Accession #: 82.361

Accession Date: 25 October 1982

A group of German Jewish children from German Jewish families expelled to, but not accepted by, Poland. Jewish relief organizations stepped in to organize a transport of the children to England, but the Germans invaded Poland before the transport

RG-45.01.07, Corpses in Majdanek and Auschwitz-Birkenau, Photo Montage, 1945

Accession #: 82.56

Accession Date: 22 February 1982

Photographs of atrocities at Majdanek and Auschwitz-Birkenau camps. Photo montage of piles of corpses and human bones

RG-45.01.08, Daily Mirror editorial about the rejection of St. Louis, 1939

Dated: 6 June 1939

Accession #: 8147

An editorial article in the Daily Mirror about the 907 Jewish refugees on the St. Louis refused entrance to America

RG-45.01.09, Demonic Germany and the Predicament of Humanity, 1938

Dated: 30 November 1938

Accession #: 8147

An article condemning Germany but also opposing immigration of European Jews into the United States on the grounds of the need for social integration of already-existing minority groups. Written in The Christian Century

RG-45.01.10, Gideon Hausner, opening address of Eichmann Trial

Accession #: 82.66

Accession Date: 22 February 1982

A photograph of Gideon Hausner, Chief Prosecutor of the Eichmann Trial, next to a quote from his opening address at the trial

RG-45.01.11, Jewish Federation Titles and Captions

Accession #: 84.84

Accession Date: 30 April 1984

Four sheets of negatives with titles and captions

RG-45.01.12, Jewish Prisoners Waiting and Excerpt from “The Auschwitz Album.” A photograph of Jewish prisoners waiting in the forest and an excerpt from Lili Meir from “The Auschwitz Album” describing the scene and deception before prisoners entered into the gas chambers

RG-45.01.13, Letter from Polish Marshall Rola-Zymienski Recognizing Help from Jewish Partisans

Dated: 21 December

Accession #: 84.84

Accession Date: 30 April 1984

A letter from Polish Marshall Rola-Zymienski recognizing and appreciating services from Jewish Partisans

RG-45.01.14, New York Times Kristallnacht Article, 1938 (negative)

Dated: 11 November 1938

Accession #: 3892 ? (Number on envelope)

New York Times article from Friday, November 11, 1938 about Kristallnacht, titled “Nazis Smash, Loot, and Burn Jewish Shops and Temples Until Goebbels Calls Halt.” Smaller headlines include “All Vienna’s Synagogues Attacked; Fires and Bombs Wreck 18 of 21” and “Jews are Beaten, Furniture and Goods Flung from Homes and Shops—15,000 are Jailed During Day—20 are Suicides,” 2 copies

RG-45.01.15, NY Times Kristallnacht article (same as above, but not negative)

RG-45.01.16, NY Times Warsaw Ghetto article, Secret Polish Radio asks Aid, Cut off

RG-45.01.17, Photo and Excerpt from the Auschwitz Album, Carpathian Jews. A photograph of Jews arriving by train and an excerpt from “The Auschwitz Album” describing some of the conditions on the trains

RG-45.01.18, Police Officer Hoffmann Report to Gestapo concerning the Jewish Question, 1943

Accession #: 82.38

Accession Date: 15 February 1982

RG-45.01.19, Quote from President of Bulgarian State Counsel

Accession #: 84.75

Quote from President of Bulgarian State Counsel regarding Bulgarian Jews

RG-45.01.20, Selection at Auschwitz

RG-45.01.21, Soap Factory near Danzig

Accession #: 82.105

Accession Date: 8 March 1982

Three photos of the interior of a “soap factory” near Danzig. While there is no evidence that human fat was used for soap on an industrial scale as rumors suggest, there allegedly were some experiments conducted with that concept

RG-45.01.22, Theresienstadt Ghetto gate with Arbeit macht frei sign

RG-45.01.23, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Monument Photo and Caption Accession #: 82.61

Accession Date: 22 February 1982

Photograph of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Monument and brief explanation of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

RG-45.01.24, Watchtower and Barbed Wire. Negative of a watchtower and electric barbed wire on fences

RG-45.02, Secondary photo-documents

RG-45.02.01, a concentration camp at liberation

RG-45.02.02, A Jewish order policeman with his wife and son, Lodz ghetto

RG-45.02.03, Adam Czerniakow at the roll call with the Jewish order police, Lodz ghetto

RG-45.02.04, Adam Czerniakow in his Warsaw ghetto Judenrat office at the meeting

RG-45.02.05, Adam Czerniakow with a German official, Warsaw

RG-45.02.06, Albert Einstein

RG-45.02.07, Alexander Pecherskij, led the Sobibor revolt

RG-45.02.08, Arriving to a camp

RG-45.02.09, Auschwitz, deposit of spoons

RG-45.02.10, Auschwitz negative

RG-45.02.11, Auschwitz, a column of women and children, allegedly in Auschwitz

RG-45.02.12, pile of shoes, Auschwitz

RG-45.02.13, Auschwitz, arrival of a transport

RG-45.02.14, Auschwitz, 'Canada' prisoners' toothbrushes, cloth brushes, and other personal items

RG-45.02.15, Auschwitz, children survivors of the camp and medical experiments

RG-45.02.16, Auschwitz, forced labor site

RG-45.02.17, Auschwitz, selection on the ramp after arrival

RG-45.02.18, Auschwitz, sorting out the former possessions of prisoners

RG-45.02.19, Auschwitz, survivor of Auschwitz medical experiments

RG-45.02.20, Auschwitz, unloading prisoners' luggage

RG-45.02.21, Auschwitz, view of a cattle car, trains, and German soldiers, MISSING PHOTO

RG-45.02.22, Babi Yar, USHMM, 28363

RG-45.02.23, Baranow, Poland, a Hebrew School

RG-45.02.24, Baranow, a Hebrew School

RG-45.02.25, Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, arrival of prisoners

RG-45.02.26, Bergen-Belsen, prisoners by barracks are lined up

RG-45.02.27, Cracow, a group of Jewish students after the tour

RG-45.02.28, Cracow, school photograph, Jewish coeducational gymnasium, female graduates

RG-45.02.29, Deportation of Jews from a West European country, MISSING PHOTO

RG-45.02.30, Drancy transit camp, wall with inscriptions

RG-45.02.31, Drancy transit camp

RG-45.02.32, German administration in civilian diner in Lodz

RG-45.02.33, German officer takes a photograph of the religious Jews in Zablocie, Poland

RG-45.02.34, German soldier cuts off the beard of a Jewish man, humiliation scene, MISSING PHOTO

RG-45.02.35, Germany, early 1930s, Book burning

RG-45.02.36, Group portrait of members of the Lodz ghetto police

RG-45.02.37, Hans Biebow in the Lodz ghetto

RG-45.02.38, Hitler after being released from the Landsberg Prison where he spent eight months

RG-45.02.39, Hitler and a child in SA uniform, 1942

RG-45.02.40, Holland, deportation, a street scene

RG-45.02.41, Janowska Camp, Lwow, Camp Orchestra

RG-45.02.42, Jewish order police arresting two Jewish youths for smuggling in the Warsaw ghetto

RG-45.02.43, Jewish order police in Lodz ghetto

RG-45.02.44, Jewish order police on snow removal duty in Lodz

RG-45.02.45, Jewish order police, Bundesarchiv

RG-45.02.46, Jewish police action in Warsaw ghetto

RG-45.02.47, Jewish policemen convoy a group of Jews, MISSING PHOTO

RG-45.02.48, Jewish service to maintain order, Ordungsdienst

RG-45.02.49, Jews from villages are forced to a ghetto

RG-45.02.50, Jews in Germany, history

RG-45.02.51, Kaunas, interwar Lithuania, Jewish soccer team

RG-45.02.52, Killing by a German Labor Serviceman, USHMM, 64407

RG-45.02.53, Kristallnacht, a synagogue in flame

RG-45.02.54, Kristallnacht, nighttime, a synagogue in flame

RG-45.02.55, Kristallnacht, a burning synagogue

RG-45.02.56, Lancut, Poland, Wooden Synagogue

RG-45.02.57, Lodz ghetto, a boy feeds the small girl

RG-45.02.58, Lodz ghetto, allegedly a deportation scene

RG-45.02.59, Lodz ghetto, Chaim Mordechaj Rumkowski speaking at the Judenrat meeting

RG-45.02.60, Lodz ghetto, theatrical performance

RG-45.02.61, Lodz ghetto, three women at work

RG-45.02.62, Lodz ghetto, women in a sewing workshop

RG-45.02.63, Lwow ghetto, Search for a Jewish female under false identity

RG-45.02.64, Majdanek after liberation, a pile of corpses

RG-45.02.65, Majdanek after liberation, an emaciated female prisoner

RG-45.02.66, Majdanek after liberation, emaciated male survivors, camera depicts them naked

RG-45.02.67, Majdanek after liberation, Soviet soldiers examine the dead prisoners

RG-45.02.68, Majdanek, a dead prisoner on barbed wire

RG-45.02.69, Mauthausen after liberation, a row of dead bodies

RG-45.02.70, Mauthausen, one of the initial memorial sites

RG-45.02.71, Nazi anti-Jewish propaganda

RG-45.02.72, Nazi gathering

RG-45.02.73, Nazi Germany, a German woman is publicly humiliated for the connection with Jews

RG-45.02.74, Nuremberg, Nazi rally

RG-45.02.75, Operation Beriha, on the way to Palestine

RG-45.02.76, Operation Beriha, Jewish kids on the illegal path to Palestine

RG-45.02.77, Operation Beriha, preparing for Palestine

RG-45.02.78, Piotrkow Trybunalski, a Jewish Quarter, pre-war Poland

RG-45.02.79, Poland, a camp memorial

RG-45.02.80, Poland, at the advertisement board

RG-45.02.81, President Hindenburg congratulates Hitler for being elected Chancellor

RG-45.02.82, Przedborz, Poland, Wooden Synagogue

RG-45.02.83, Registration in the Ghetto

RG-45.02.84, Report Tells of Nazi Annihilation of 2,000,000 Jews in Europe, from Heral Tribune

RG-45.02.85, Romek Kaliski, member of the Jewish order police in the Lodz ghetto

RG-45.02.86, Sachsenhausen, ca. 1936

RG-45.02.87, Saloniki, Jewish leaders with Metropolitan

RG-45.02.88, Slovakian export, MISSING PHOTO

RG-45.02.89, Soviet and Jewish partisans, a group photograph

RG-45.02.90, Soviet and Jewish partisans, Lipiczany Forest, Poland-Western Belarus

RG-45.02.91, Soviet-Jewish partisan, Misha Kacowicz

RG-45.02.92, Soviet-Jewish partisans, former Eastern Poland

RG-45.02.93, Soviet-Jewish partisans, Naliboki Forest, Poland-Western Belarus

RG-45.02.94, Tarnow, a Jewish cultural society

RG-45.02.95, Tarnow, Jewish soccer team

RG-45.02.96, the Netherlands, poison gas chamber with a warning sign, poison gas

RG-45.02.97, Vienna, Jewish veterans of the First World War in Austro-Hungarian uniform

RG-45.02.98, Vienna

RG-45.02.99, View of the abandoned furnishings of Jews deported from the ghetto, USHMM

RG-45.02.100, The Warsaw Diary of Adam Czerniakow

RG-45.02.101, Warsaw ghetto negative

RG-45.02.102, Warsaw ghetto wall, Jews climbing over the ghetto wall

RG-45.02.103, Warsaw ghetto, a beggar on the street

RG-45.02.104, Warsaw ghetto, a ghetto checkpoint

RG-45.02.105, Warsaw ghetto, a ghetto entrance

RG-45.02.106, Warsaw ghetto, a Jewish boy, 1943, Yad Vashem Archives

RG-45.02.107, Warsaw ghetto, at the cemetery

RG-45.02.108, Warsaw ghetto, books are being sold and exchanged on the street

RG-45.02.109, Warsaw ghetto, dragging the dead

RG-45.02.110, Warsaw ghetto, hungry and exhausted kids in the yard

RG-45.02.111, Warsaw ghetto, inside a ghetto dwelling

RG-45.02.112, Warsaw ghetto, Jewish kids in the classroom

RG-45.02.113, Warsaw ghetto, Jewish policeman regulates traffic

RG-45.02.114, Warsaw ghetto, man on the street

RG-45.02.115, Warsaw ghetto, medical examining in the ghetto

RG-45.02.116, Warsaw ghetto, pedestrian bridge

RG-45.02.117, Warsaw ghetto, prayer in the ghetto

RG-45.02.118, Warsaw ghetto, ration card

RG-45.02.119, Warsaw ghetto, street sale

RG-45.02.120, Warsaw ghetto, unidentified location, perhaps a transfer

RG-45.02.121, Warsaw ghetto, view of the ghetto wall

RG-45.02.122, Warsaw ghetto, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

RG-45.02.123, Warsaw, at the fur shop, preparing for the German requisitions, MISSING PHOTO

RG-45.02.124, Warsaw, first days of German occupation

RG-45.02.125, Warsaw, interwar time

RG-45.02.126, Warsaw, Jews are not allowed into the park

RG-45.02.127, Zamosc, people on the square observing an unknown scene

RG-45.03, Poland, wartime photodocuments

RG-45.03.01, Poland, newcomers from Polish provinces to Warsaw Ghetto, photo by Joe J. Heydecker, February 1941

RG-45.03.02, Kovno Ghetto, photograph of a young boy standing in front of door of chairman of the Council of Elders

RG-45.03.03, Kovno Ghetto, Jews lining up

Biographical Note

Historical documents and photographs

Subject/Index Terms

Box and Folder Listing

Browse by Sub-Collection:

[Sub-Collection 1: RG-45.01, Negatives of the photo-documents, 1933 -- 1945],
[Sub-Collection 2: RG-45.02, Secondary photo-documents, 1933 -- 1945],
[Sub-Collection 3: RG-45.03, Never Again, photo-documents from Polish repositories, 1939 -- 1945],
[All]

Sub-Collection 1: RG-45.01, Negatives of the photo-documents, 1933 -- 1945

This is a collection of the negatives and photo-documents related to the prewar and wartime history of the Holocaust

Subject/Index Terms:: Aryanization, alienation of Jewish-owned businesses, 1933 -- 1945; Auschwitz Album, photo-documents; Marshal Michal Rola-Zymierski, Polish communist military commander, postwar Poland; Kristallnacht or November Pogrom, 9 -10, November 1938; Bulgarian Government opposes to the deportation of Bulgarian Jews, 1942 -- 1943; Bulgaria (1939--1945); Selection at the concentration camps; Selection of prisoners at the Auschwitz complex of camps; Commemoration of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents

Creators:: Holocaust Repositories; Archival documents of other repositories (1939 --1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 1: RG-45.01.01, All That Remained Photo Montage, 1939 -- 1945

Photo-documents of Nazi-German atrocities in concentration camps, 1939 -- 1945. The photographs featured are the black and white negatives of the original photographs. They show piles of things, such as eyeglasses and shoes, collected upon arrival at the concentration camps. The photographs were featured in a postwar publication. A small paragraph describing the photographs is featured at the top of the left page, written in English, Russian, and French.

Subject/Index Terms:: Aftermath of liberation; liberation of Nazi concentration camps, Europe; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; German-Nazi crimes in occupied countries of Europe; Crimes of the Nazi Regime against the Jewish communities in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Allied discovery of Nazi war crimes; Documenting the Nazi crimes in concentration camps; Nazi crimes against humanity, peace, and war crimes; evidences of the crimes of National Socialist regime; magazine; Personal belongings; Jewish personal belongings; Confiscation of personal belongings and property; postwar publication; Photographs; Photographs, postwar, 1945 -- 1988; concentration camp photographs; Nazi-German concentration camps after liberation, photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; Photographs, concentration camps post-liberation; English, language; Russian, language; French, language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Archival documents of other repositories (1939 --1945); Holocaust Repositories

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 2: RG-45.01.02, Caption about humanitarian documents, 1944

A Document issued under the title "Statement of the German Autrocities" and signed by Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin omit the the Jewish Catastrophe.

Subject/Index Terms:: Documents condemning National Socialist Regime issued by the Allied Governments; Allied governments' lack of focus on the Holocaust; The Scale of Jewish Catastrophy not fully recognized by the Allied governments; Jewish public organizations raise awareness of the Holocaust, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Allied and associated governments contextualized the Holocaust, 1939 --1945; Raising awareness of the Holocaust; Jewish history, modern; postwar publication; Nazi-German atrocities; Franklin D. Roosevelt; Joseph Stalin, General Secretary of the Party and Prime Minister of the USSR, 1879 -- 1953; Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, 1874--1965; History, Jewish; Jewish history; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 3: RG-45.01.03, Caption only for Nazi notice for executed Poles, names of those who hid Jews underlined, 30 April 1984

The file contains only a caption for Nazi notice of executed Poles. On the original document, the names of those who hid Jews have been underlined. The document is written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Execution of Jews; Mass executions; Prisoners of War, Polish; Nazi-German discovery of Jews in hiding; Hiding; postwar publication; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; Death notices and obituaries; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present); Archival documents of other repositories (1939 --1945); Secondary publications (1939 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 4: RG-45.01.04, Captions only, starting with Deportation of German Jews

A collection of captions from a postwar publication. The captions were meant to accompany various photographs taken during the war as well as post war. The captions cover a variety of subjects, including the deportation of German Jews. The document is written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Deportation of German Jews; Deportations from ghettos; Deportations to concentration camps; Deportation to concentration camps; Eichmann, Adolf; Trial of Adolf Eichmann; Final Solution; Final Solution to the Jewish Question in Europe, 1942 -- 1945; Dr. Heinz Thilo; Prisoner selections; Selection at the concentration camps; Selection of prisoners at the Auschwitz complex of camps; Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Arrival at a camp; Berlin (Germany); Haas, Leo; Execution of Jews; Execution in concentration camps; Public humilations; Children in the Warsaw Ghetto; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); Nazi gas chambers; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 5: RG-45.01.05, Captions only, starting with November 1938 Aryanization

This file contains captions that were meant to accompany various photographs. This captions were meant to be published in a Jewish Federation postwar publication, starting with the November 1938 Aryanization. The captions are written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Anti-Jewish regulations on Jewish owned businesses; Boycott of Jewish businesses in Nazi Germany; Aryanization, alienation of Jewish-owned businesses, 1933 -- 1945; Berlin (Germany); Jewish cemetery; Treblinka (Poland); Treblinka (Poland: extermination camp); mass graves; Stutthof (Concentration camp); Stutthof, German Concentration camp; Stutthof Concentration Camp Memorial Museum, Poland; Chelmno Death Camp; Prisoners of war, Soviet; Zamosc (Poland); Sobibor (Poland: extermination camp); Sobibor death camp memorial; Sobibor Revolt; Sobibor uprising, October 1943; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 6: RG-45.01.06, Children not able to leave - Zbaszyn, Poland, 1939

This file contains a short article about children not accepted into Poland, as well as a negative of a photograph of children. The brief article is written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Zbaszyn (Poland); Expulsion of Polish-German Jews to Zbaszyn, October -November, 1938; Efforts to rescue Jewish children from the German-occupied and controlled territories, 1939 -- 1945; Jewish relief and social aid organizations in Poland, 1939 -- 1945; Attempts and efforts to rescue the Jews in the Holocaust, 1939 -- 1945; British rescue and aid of Jewish children, 1938-1939; Rescue effort to save Jews in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Prewar photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Photographs, children; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; postwar publication; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 7: RG-45.01.07, Corpses in Majdanek and Auschwitz-Birkenau, Photo Montage, 1945

A black and white negative magazine spread featuring photographs of corpses in Majdanek and Auschwitz-Birkenau. The file contains a photo montage of various scenes of corpses, as well as piles of bones and bodies. The document includes brief descriptions of the photographs in English, Russian, and French.

Subject/Index Terms:: Majdanek (Concentration camp); Majdanek (Poland: Concentration Camp); Lublin (Poland); Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Auschwitz concentration camp complex, photo-documents; Photographs, Auschwitz concentration camp; Liberation of Majdanek concentration camp; Majdanek concentration camp, liberation; Liberation of concentration camps; mass graves; Mass executions; Mass killing of Jewish population, Second World War; Wartime atrocities and mass killing, Second World War; Armed Forces, Allied; Photographs; Photographs, concentration camps post-liberation; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; postwar publication; English, language; Documents in English language; Russian, language; Documents in Russian language; French, language; Documents in French language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 8: RG-45.01.08, Daily Mirror editorial about the rejection of St. Louis, 1939

The file contains a negative copy of a page from the Daily Mirror, a British news publication. The specific article, an editorial, discusses the 907 Jewish refugees on the St. Louis that were refused entrance to America. The article is written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Daily Mirror, a periodical; newspaper clippings; Newspaper Article; British newspaper; Jewish refugees; Refugees in United States; Immigration to United States; Jewish Immigration; Immigrants in the United States, hardships and difficulties; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; pre-war publication; Prewar publication; Wartime Publication, Second World War; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 9: RG-45.01.09, Demonic Germany and the Predicament of Humanity, 1938

This file contains a black and white negative copy of an article condemning Germany. The article also opposes immigration of European Jews into the United States on the grounds of the need for social integration of already-existing minority groups. The article was written for The Christian Century and is written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: The Christian Century, a periodical, American; Nazi rise to power; Anti-semitic laws; Anti-semitic laws--Germany; Nazi Anti-Semitic Propaganda; Nazi antisemitic propaganda; the Jewish problem; Goebbels, Josef; Adolf Hitler, dictator and German Chancellor and President; Jewish refugees; Antisemitism in the United States; American newspaper; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; pre-war publication; Prewar publication; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 10: RG-45.01.10, Gideon Hausner, opening address of Eichmann Trial

The file contains a black and white negative copy of an article from a magazine. The file features a photograph of Gideon Hausner, the Chief Prosecutor of the Adolf Eichmann Trial. The file also contains a quote from his opening address at the trial. The file is written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Gideon Hausner, Chief Prosecutor at the trial of Adolf Eichmann; Eichmann, Adolf; Trial of Adolf Eichmann; Trials and proceedings over Nazi-German perpetrators; war crimes trials; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Treblinka (Poland); Treblinka (Poland: extermination camp); Photographs; Photographs, postwar, 1945 -- 1988; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; postwar publication; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 11: RG-45.01.11, Jewish Federation Titles and Captions

The file contains a list of titles and captions. The titles and captions were initially meant to accompany photographs printed by the Jewish Federation. The file has been written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Arbeit Macht Frei; Concentration Camp Crematorium; Nazi gas chambers; Anti-semitic laws; Chrzanów (Poland); Liquidation of ghettos; Transports; Transport trains; Suicide in the concentration camps; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); Jewish resistance organization in the Warsaw ghetto; Prisoners digging their own grave; mass graves; Liberation of concentration camps; Nazi-perpetrated hair and/or beard cutting; Public humiliations; Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969; Ohrdruf-Nord (Concentration camp); Nordhausen (Germany); Nordhausen (Concentration camp); Buchenwald (Germany: Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration camps; Buchenwald, German-Nazi concentration camp; German civilians digging mass graves for concentration camp victims; SS and administrative personnel, German; Ravensbrück (Concentration camp); Ravensbrueck (Germany: Concentration Camp); Female prisoners of the German concentration camps; Female concentration camp inmates; Medical Experiments; Hiding; Wloclawek (Poland: Ghetto); The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; postwar publication; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 12: RG-45.01.12, Jewish Prisoners Waiting and Excerpt from 'The Auschwitz Album'

The file contains a negative black and white copy of a photograph as well as a small paragraph from "The Auschwitz Album." The photograph shows Jewish prisoners waiting in the forest. The excerpt from Lili Meir is from "The Auschwitz Album" and describes the scene and deception before prisoners entered into the gas chamgers. The excerpt is written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Concentration Camp Crematorium; Nazi gas chambers; Forced marches; SS and administrative personnel, German; Prisoners, children; Mass executions; Photographs; wartime photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camp prisoners; Photographs, concentration camps; Photographs, children; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; postwar publication; English, language; Documents in English language; Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Auschwitz Album, photo-documents; Photographs, Auschwitz concentration camp

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 13: RG-45.01.13, Letter from Polish Marshall Rola-Zymienski Recognizing Help from Jewish Partisans, 21 December

The file contains a black and white negative copy of a letter from Polish Marshall Rola-Zymierski recognizing and appreciating services from Jewish Partisans. The letter is written in Polish.

Subject/Index Terms:: Polish military representation in Germany, postwar; Marshal Michal Rola-Zymierski, Polish communist military commander, postwar Poland; Polish Army High Command; Jewish Aid Agency; Jewish Aid for Victims; Jewish Refugee Aid Organization; Monetary aid to the Jews in German-occupied Europe, international Jewish organizations; letters of recognition and appreciation; postwar correspondence; official correspondence; Correspondence to and from Relief and Rehabilitation organizations; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; postwar publication; Polish, language; Documents in Polish language; Correspondence in Polish language

Creators:: Polish Army High Command; Michał Rola-Żymierski, Polish high-ranking military commander; Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 14: RG-45.01.14, New York Times Kristallnacht Article, 1938

The file contains a black and white negative copy of a scan of the front page of the New York Times. On the right, the article focuses on Kristallnacht and the destruction of Jewish property. The article was written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: The New York Times; Goebbels, Josef; Vienna (Austria); Destruction of synagogues, 1939 -- 1945; Synagogues; Synagogues, religious temples; Kristallnacht or November Pogrom, 9 -10, November 1938; Anti-Jewish actions; Stormtroopers (SA), paramilitary wing of the Nazi party; Jewish property attacks; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; pre-war publication; Prewar publication; Newspaper Article; American newspaper; newspaper clippings; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: The New York Times; Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 15: RG-45.01.15, NY Times Kristallnacht article, 11 November 1938

A New York Times article focusing on Kristallnacht. The article has been selected from the front page of the New York Times and describes the destruction of Jewish property. The article has been written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: The New York Times; Goebbels, Josef; Vienna (Austria); Destruction of synagogues, 1939 -- 1945; Synagogues; Synagogues, religious temples; Kristallnacht or November Pogrom, 9 -10, November 1938; Anti-Jewish actions; Stormtroopers (SA), paramilitary wing of the Nazi party; Jewish property attacks; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; pre-war publication; Prewar publication; Newspaper Article; American newspaper; newspaper clippings; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: The New York Times; Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 16: RG-45.01.16, NY Times Warsaw Ghetto article, Secret Polish Radio asks Aid, Cut off, 1943

A scanned front page from the New York Times. The article in focus discusses Warsaw and their request for aid. It also talks about the final liquidation of the Warsaw ghetto. The article has been written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Secret Polish radio, 1943; Aid and rescue during the war; Rescue and aid in the Holocaust; Stockholm (Sweden); Warsaw (Poland); Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); Warsaw ghetto; Liquidation of ghettos; Liquidation of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, May 1943; Warsaw ghetto, post-uprising and liquidation; Wartime Publication, Second World War; Newspaper Article; newspaper clippings; American newspaper; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; English, language; Documents in English language; The New York Times

Creators:: The New York Times; Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 17: RG-45.01.17, Photo and Excerpt from the Auschwitz Album, Carpathian Jews

This file contains a black and white negative photograph of Jews arriving by train and an excerpt from "The Auschwitz Album" describing some of the conditions of the trains. The excerpt has been written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Deportations to concentration camps; Deportation to concentration camps; Deportations to Auschwitz concentration camp; Transports; Transport trains; Arrival at a camp; Transports at the arrival to concentration camps; Photographs; wartime photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs, children; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camp prisoners; Photographs, concentration camps; Auschwitz Album, photo-documents; Auschwitz concentration camp complex, photo-documents; Photographs, Auschwitz concentration camp; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; postwar publication; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 18: RG-45.01.18, Police Officer Hoffmann Report to Gestapo concerning the Jewish Question

The file contains two documents side by side. On the right is a excerpt from the original document, displayed on the left. The documents discuss the Jewish Question in Europe. The document on the left is a report written by Police Officer Hoffman to the Gestapo. The document on the left is written in German while the document on the right is written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Adolf Hoffmann, police officer; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Final Solution to the Jewish Question in Europe, 1942 -- 1945; the Jewish question; Final Solution; The Jewish Question in Bulgaria, 1942 -- 1943; wartime correspondences; official correspondence; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; postwar publication; German, language; Documents in German language; Correspondence in German language; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Adolf Hoffmann, police officer; Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 19: RG-45.01.19, Quote from President of Bulgarian State Counsel

The file contains a quote from Todor Zhivokv, the President of the Bulgarian State Counsel. Zhivokv talks about saving Bulgarian Jews, and proudly declares that the Nazis failed to conduct their mass executions in Bulgaria. The quote has been written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Bulgarian Jews; Bulgarian Government opposes to the deportation of Bulgarian Jews, 1942 -- 1943; The Jewish Question in Bulgaria, 1942 -- 1943; the Jewish problem; Final Solution; Final Solution to the Jewish Question in Europe, 1942 -- 1945; National minorities, Jewish; Todor Zhivkov, President of the Bulgarian State Counsel; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Todor Zhivkov, President of the Bulgarian State Counsel; Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 20: RG-45.01.20, Selection at Auschwitz, circa 1944

A photograph showing the selection process upon arrival at Auschwitz concentration camp. At the bottom of the photograph, there is a label describing the photograph written in German.

Subject/Index Terms:: Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Auschwitz-Birkenau, concentration camp complex (Poland); Prisoner selections; Selection at the concentration camps; Selection of prisoners at the Auschwitz complex of camps; Arrival at a camp; Transports at the arrival to concentration camps; Photographs; wartime photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; Photographs, concentration camp prisoners; Photographs, Auschwitz concentration camp; Auschwitz concentration camp complex, photo-documents; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; German, language; Documents in German language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 21: RG-45.01.21, Soap Factory near Danzig

Three photographs of the interior of a "soap factory" near Danzig. The caption that accompanies the photographs reads, "The inside-view of the "Soap Factory" near Danzig where Soap was made out of Human Bodies."

While there is no evidence that human fat was used for soap on an industrial scale as rumors suggested, there allegedly were some experiments conducted with that concept.

Subject/Index Terms:: Danzig (Poland); Gdańsk (Poland); Soap factory in Danzig, Poland; Medical Experiments; Chemical factories; Photographs; wartime photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; Factory photographs; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 22: RG-45.01.22, Theresienstadt Ghetto gate with Arbeit macht frei sign

A photograph of the entrance gate at the Theresienstadt ghetto with Arbeit Macht Frei written across the top.

Subject/Index Terms:: Arbeit Macht Frei; Theresienstadt (Czechoslovakia); Theresienstadt ghetto; Theresienstadt (Czechoslovakia: Ghetto); Entrance to Theresienstadt ghetto, Czechoslovakia; Photographs; Photographs, Theresienstadt ghetto; Photographs, ghettos; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; German, language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 23: RG-45.01.23, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Monument Photo and Caption

A photograph of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Monument as well as a caption to accompany the photograph.

Subject/Index Terms:: Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland); The Monument of Ghetto Heros, Warsaw; Warsaw Ghetto Memorial; Jewish resistance organizations in ghettos, Poland; Jewish resistance organization in the Warsaw ghetto; Zydowski Zwiazek Wojskowy (Jewish Military Union), Warsaw; Liquidation of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, May 1943; Holocaust Memorialization; Photographs; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; Photographs, postwar, 1945 -- 1988; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 24: RG-45.01.24, Watchtower and Barbed Wire

A black and white negative photograph of a watchtown and electric barbed wire on the fences. It is unclear which concentration camp this photograph depicts.

Subject/Index Terms:: Concentration camps, German; Watchtower, concentration camp; Photographs; wartime photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs, postwar, 1945 -- 1988; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)